Abstract
) is among the most popular ornamental plants, propagated mainly through stem cuttings. There is a lack of information regarding the impact of the lighting environment on the successful production of cuttings and underlying mechanisms. The light spectrum affects plant morphology, growth, and photosynthesis. In the present study, chrysanthemum, cv. 'Katinka' cuttings, were exposed to five lighting spectra, including monochromatic red (R), blue (B) lights, and multichromatic lights, including a combination of R and B (R:B), a combination of R, B, and far red (R:B:FR) and white (W), for 30 days. B light enhanced areal growth, as indicated by a higher shoot mass ratio, while R light directed the biomass towards the underground parts of the cuttings. Monochromatic R and B lights promoted the emergence of new leaves. In contrast, individual leaf area was largest under multichromatic lights. Exposing the cuttings to R light led to the accumulation of carbohydrates in the leaves. Cuttings exposed to multichromatic lights showed higher chlorophyll content than monochromatic R- and B-exposed cuttings. Conversely, carotenoid and anthocyanin contents were the highest in monochromatic R- and B-exposed plants. B-exposed cuttings showed higher photosynthetic performance, exhibited by the highest performance index on the basis of light absorption, and maximal quantum yield of PSII efficiency. Although R light increased biomass toward roots, B light improved above-ground growth, photosynthetic functionality, and the visual performance of Chrysanthemum cuttings.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light increased shoot mass ratio.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemum
.jpeg?width=60)
Chrysanthemume1 - Material
- Katinkae1
- Treatment
- B lighte0
- Outcome
- shoot mass ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpeg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“B light enhanced areal growth, as indicated by a higher shoot mass ratio”
e1“chrysanthemum, cv. 'Katinka' cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
Red light directed more biomass toward underground cutting parts.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume1
- Material
- Katinkae1
- Treatment
- R lighte0
- Outcome
- biomass towards the underground parts of the cuttingse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R light directed the biomass towards the underground parts of the cuttings”
e1“chrysanthemum, cv. 'Katinka' cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
Monochromatic red light promoted new leaf emergence.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume1
- Treatment
- Monochromatic Re0
- Outcome
- emergence of new leavese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Monochromatic R and B lights promoted the emergence of new leaves.”
e1“chrysanthemum, cv. 'Katinka' cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
Monochromatic blue light promoted new leaf emergence.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume1
- Treatment
- B lightse0
- Outcome
- emergence of new leavese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Monochromatic R and B lights promoted the emergence of new leaves.”
e1“chrysanthemum, cv. 'Katinka' cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual leaf area was largest under multichromatic light.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume1
- Treatment
- multichromatic lightse0
- Outcome
- individual leaf areae0
- Direction
- largeste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual leaf area was largest under multichromatic lights.”
e1“chrysanthemum, cv. 'Katinka' cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
Red light caused carbohydrate accumulation in leaves.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume1
- Treatment
- R lighte0
- Outcome
- accumulation of carbohydrates in the leavese0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposing the cuttings to R light led to the accumulation of carbohydrates in the leaves.”
e1“chrysanthemum, cv. 'Katinka' cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
Multichromatic light gave higher chlorophyll content than monochromatic red and blue light.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume1
- Treatment
- multichromatic lightse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- monochromatic R- and B-exposed cuttingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cuttings exposed to multichromatic lights showed higher chlorophyll content than monochromatic R- and B-exposed cuttings.”
e1“chrysanthemum, cv. 'Katinka' cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
Carotenoid content was highest under monochromatic red and blue light.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume1
- Treatment
- monochromatic R- and B-exposede0
- Outcome
- carotenoide0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carotenoid and anthocyanin contents were the highest in monochromatic R- and B-exposed plants.”
e1“chrysanthemum, cv. 'Katinka' cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthocyanin content was highest under monochromatic red and blue light.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume1
- Treatment
- monochromatic R- and B-exposede0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin contentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carotenoid and anthocyanin contents were the highest in monochromatic R- and B-exposed plants.”
e1“chrysanthemum, cv. 'Katinka' cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue exposed cuttings had the highest light absorption based performance index.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume1
- Treatment
- B-exposede0
- Outcome
- performance index on the basis of light absorptione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B-exposed cuttings showed higher photosynthetic performance, exhibited by the highest performance index on the basis of light absorption”
e1“chrysanthemum, cv. 'Katinka' cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue exposed cuttings had high maximum quantum yield of PSII efficiency.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume1
- Treatment
- B-exposede0
- Outcome
- quantum yield of PSII efficiencye0
- Direction
- maximale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B-exposed cuttings showed higher photosynthetic performance, exhibited by the highest performance index on the basis of light absorption, and maximal quantum yield of PSII efficiency.”
e1“chrysanthemum, cv. 'Katinka' cuttings”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light improved visual performance of cuttings.
- Taxon
- ChrysanthemumChrysanthemume0
- Treatment
- B lighte0
- Outcome
- visual performancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B light improved above-ground growth, photosynthetic functionality, and the visual performance of Chrysanthemum cuttings.”
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