Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tobacco is a critical cash crop globally, contributing significantly to government revenues. However, its production is severely threatened by tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), which causes substantial yield and quality losses, leading to economic damage. Given the limited efficacy of chemical controls, biological control methods have gained prominence. Bacillus spp. are recognized as effective agents for plant disease management. In prior research, Bacillus velezensis HN-2 demonstrated promising traits for inducing plant resistance. RESULTS: This study revealed that the total protein extract from B. velezensis HN-2 triggers the production of reactive oxygen species, upregulates antioxidant enzymes, activates immune-related protein genes, and induces systemic resistance in plants. Its effectiveness surpassed that of benzothiadiazole and Dufulin in delaying TMV invasion. Further analysis identified a specific hydrolase protein within the total protein extract that plays a key role in the observed antiviral activity. Exogenous expression and functional assays confirmed that this hydrolase, designated P1, is the primary active protein in B. velezensis HN-2 responsible for delaying TMV infection. CONCLUSION: Hydrolase protein P1 acts as an elicitor to induce systemic resistance in the tobacco plant against TMV Infection. These findings provide an experimental foundation for the application of B. velezensis HN-2 in biological control strategies and offer theoretical insights into the use of Bacillus-derived proteins for TMV management. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The total protein extract from B. velezensis HN-2 triggers production of reactive oxygen species in tobacco.
- Taxon
- Tobacco
Nicotiana tabacumt1 - Treatment
- total protein extract from B. velezensis HN-2e0
- Interactor
- B. velezensis HN-2
Bacillus velezensise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- production of reactive oxygen speciese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“confers tobacco resistance by delaying TMV infection”
e0“the total protein extract from B. velezensis HN-2 triggers the production of reactive oxygen species”
Claim · model-written summary
The total protein extract from B. velezensis HN-2 upregulates antioxidant enzymes in tobacco.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt1
- Treatment
- total protein extract from B. velezensis HN-2e0
- Interactor
- B. velezensis HN-2Bacillus velezensise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymese1
- Direction
- upregulatese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“confers tobacco resistance by delaying TMV infection”
e0“the total protein extract from B. velezensis HN-2 triggers the production of reactive oxygen species”
e1“upregulates antioxidant enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
The total protein extract from B. velezensis HN-2 activates immune-related protein genes in tobacco.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt1
- Treatment
- total protein extract from B. velezensis HN-2e0
- Interactor
- B. velezensis HN-2Bacillus velezensise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- immune-related protein genese2
- Direction
- activatese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“confers tobacco resistance by delaying TMV infection”
e0“the total protein extract from B. velezensis HN-2 triggers the production of reactive oxygen species”
e2“activates immune-related protein genes”
Claim · model-written summary
The total protein extract from B. velezensis HN-2 induces systemic resistance in tobacco.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt1
- Treatment
- total protein extract from B. velezensis HN-2e0
- Interactor
- B. velezensis HN-2Bacillus velezensise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- systemic resistancee3
- Direction
- inducese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“confers tobacco resistance by delaying TMV infection”
e0“the total protein extract from B. velezensis HN-2 triggers the production of reactive oxygen species”
e3“induces systemic resistance in plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The total protein extract from B. velezensis HN-2 delayed TMV invasion more effectively than benzothiadiazole and Dufulin.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt1
- Treatment
- total protein extract from B. velezensis HN-2e0
- Interactor
- TMV
Tobacco mosaic viruse4pathogen - Second interactor
- B. velezensis HN-2Bacillus velezensise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- delaying TMV invasione4
- Direction
- surpassede4
- Comparator
- benzothiadiazole and Dufuline4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“confers tobacco resistance by delaying TMV infection”
e0“the total protein extract from B. velezensis HN-2 triggers the production of reactive oxygen species”
e4“Its effectiveness surpassed that of benzothiadiazole and Dufulin in delaying TMV invasion”
Claim · model-written summary
A specific hydrolase protein in the total protein extract plays a key role in the observed antiviral activity.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt1
- Gene
- hydrolase proteine5
- Outcome
- antiviral activitye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“confers tobacco resistance by delaying TMV infection”
e5“identified a specific hydrolase protein within the total protein extract that plays a key role in the observed antiviral activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrolase P1 from B. velezensis HN-2 is the primary active protein responsible for delaying TMV infection.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt1
- Treatment
- Exogenous expressione6
- Interactor
- TMVTobacco mosaic viruse6pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. velezensis HN-2Bacillus velezensise6biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- hydrolase, designated P1e6
- Outcome
- delaying TMV infectione6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“confers tobacco resistance by delaying TMV infection”
e6“Exogenous expression and functional assays confirmed that this hydrolase, designated P1, is the primary active protein in B. velezensis HN-2 responsible for delaying TMV infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrolase protein P1 acts as an elicitor that induces systemic resistance in tobacco against TMV.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Interactor
- TMVTobacco mosaic viruse7pathogen
- Gene
- Hydrolase protein P1e7
- Outcome
- systemic resistancee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Hydrolase protein P1 acts as an elicitor to induce systemic resistance in the tobacco plant against TMV Infection”
Claim · model-written summary
The findings support applying B. velezensis HN-2 in biological control strategies against TMV.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt1
- Interactor
- B. velezensis HN-2Bacillus velezensise7biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- application of B. velezensis HN-2 in biological control strategiese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“confers tobacco resistance by delaying TMV infection”
e7“These findings provide an experimental foundation for the application of B. velezensis HN-2 in biological control strategies”
The same questions in other papers
Bacillus velezensis · physiology: oxidative · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
botanical · physiology: oxidative · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →botanical · disease · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →botanical · Tobacco mosaic virus · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →botanical · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
botanical · molecular: expression · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.