Abstract
Excessive use of fertilizers will not only cause the enrichment of soil N nutrients, soil secondary salinization, soil acidification, and an imbalance of the soil microbial community structure, but will also lead to the nitrate content of vegetables and the ground water exceeding the standard. The application of bio-organic fertilizer could reduce the amount of mineral fertilizer used. However, the effects of nitrogen reduced with different bio-organic fertilizers on soil chemical properties, microbial community structure, and the yield and quality of radish are not clear. In a field experiment, we designed six fertilization treatments: no fertilization (CK), conventional fertilization (T1), a total nitrogen reduction of 20% (T2), and a total nitrogen reduction of 20% with “No. 1”, “Seek” or “Jiajiapei” bio-organic fertilizers. The results showed that nitrogen reduction of 20% with Bacillus bio-organic fertilizer (N1) significantly increased the organic matter, pH, total nitrogen content, and the relative abundance of Bacillus and Streptomyce in the soil compared with T1. RDA analysis showed that the pH, organic matter content, invertase and fluorescein diacetate enzyme activity of the soil were significantly correlated with the soil microbial community structure. In addition, the yield and Vc content in radish were increased with the application of bio-organic fertilizers, while on the contrary, the nitrate and cellulose content were decreased, and the N1 treatment showed the best effect. Moreover, the yield had a significant positive correlation with Bacillus. Overall, nitrogen reduction with bio-organic fertilizers, especially full-effective “No. 1” enriched with Bacillus, could alter the soil microbial community structure and effectively improve soil fertility, which in turn enhanced the yield and quality of radish. An application of Bacillus bio-organic fertilizer was an effective strategy to improve soil quality and vegetable safety.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen reduction of 20 percent with Bacillus bio-organic fertilizer increased soil organic matter, pH and total nitrogen relative to conventional fertilization.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativus
Raphanus sativust0 - Treatment
- nitrogen reduction of 20% with Bacillus bio-organic fertilizer (N1)e2
- Outcome
- organic matter, pH, total nitrogen contente2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- T1e2
- Setting
- field experimente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)”
e1“In a field experiment”
e2“nitrogen reduction of 20% with Bacillus bio-organic fertilizer (N1) significantly increased the organic matter, pH, total nitrogen content, and the relative abundance of Bacillus and Streptomyce in the soil compared with T1”
Claim · model-written summary
The same fertilizer increased the relative abundance of Bacillus and Streptomyces in the soil relative to conventional fertilization.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- nitrogen reduction of 20% with Bacillus bio-organic fertilizer (N1)e2
- Interactor
- Bacilluse2other
- Second interactor
- Streptomycee2other
- Outcome
- relative abundancee2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- T1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)”
e2“nitrogen reduction of 20% with Bacillus bio-organic fertilizer (N1) significantly increased the organic matter, pH, total nitrogen content, and the relative abundance of Bacillus and Streptomyce in the soil compared with T1”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil pH, organic matter, invertase and fluorescein diacetate enzyme activity were significantly correlated with the soil microbial community structure.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativust0
- Gene
- invertasee3
- Outcome
- soil microbial community structuree3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)”
e3“RDA analysis showed that the pH, organic matter content, invertase and fluorescein diacetate enzyme activity of the soil were significantly correlated with the soil microbial community structure”
Claim · model-written summary
Radish yield had a significant positive correlation with Bacillus abundance.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativusRaphanus sativust0
- Interactor
- Bacilluse6other
- Outcome
- yielde6
- Direction
- positivee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)”
e6“the yield had a significant positive correlation with Bacillus”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-organic fertilizers increased radish yield and vitamin C content.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse4
- Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizerse4
- Outcome
- yield and Vc contente4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“the yield and Vc content in radish were increased with the application of bio-organic fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-organic fertilizers decreased the nitrate and cellulose content of radish.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse4
- Treatment
- bio-organic fertilizerse4
- Outcome
- nitrate and cellulose contente5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“the yield and Vc content in radish were increased with the application of bio-organic fertilizers”
e5“the nitrate and cellulose content were decreased, and the N1 treatment showed the best effect”
Claim · model-written summary
The N1 treatment (20 percent nitrogen reduction with Bacillus bio-organic fertilizer) showed the best effect on radish.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse4
- Treatment
- N1 treatmente5
- Outcome
- best effecte5
- Direction
- beste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“the yield and Vc content in radish were increased with the application of bio-organic fertilizers”
e5“the nitrate and cellulose content were decreased, and the N1 treatment showed the best effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus bio-organic fertilizer is an effective strategy to improve soil quality and vegetable safety.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- Bacillus bio-organic fertilizere7
- Outcome
- soil quality and vegetable safetye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)”
e7“An application of Bacillus bio-organic fertilizer was an effective strategy to improve soil quality and vegetable safety”
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