Abstract
ABSTRACT Leaf morphology and physiology play a crucial and indispensable role in crop growth and development. Alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD) is widely applied in the rice irrigation system. However, there are few studies on the response mechanism of leaf characteristics to AWD. In this study, two indica rice cultivars, Yangdao 6 and Yangliangyou 6, were selected, and two irrigation methods, AWD and conventional irrigation (CI), were set up to analyse the response mechanism of leaf morphology and physiology to yield and water use efficiency (WUE) under AWD. The results showed that yield and WUE were significantly increased under AWD. In terms of yield, AWD increased the effective and high‐effective leaf area index (LAI) and specific leaf nitrogen content at the heading stage, improved the photosynthetic rate and promoted the accumulation and transport of photosynthetic assimilates after flowering. In terms of water use efficiency, AWD inhibited ineffective tillering, regulated stomatal characteristics and increased antioxidant enzyme activity and cytokinin levels. Correlation analysis showed that the percentage of productive tillers, NSC translocation amount and remobilisation, LAI, dry matter accumulation, grain–leaf ratio, leaf morphology (leaf length, leaf width) and leaf physiology (activity of antioxidant enzyme, Z + ZR contents, leaf net photosynthesis rate and specific leaf nitrogen contents) were positively correlated to grain yield and WUE. The results indicate that the improved leaf morphology and physiology of rice under AWD contributed to realise the goal of high grain yield and efficient water use.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Under AWD, rice yield increased.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- AWDe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- conventional irrigation (CI)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that yield and WUE were significantly increased under AWD.”
t0“Rice”
e1“conventional irrigation (CI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under AWD, rice WUE increased.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- conventional irrigation (CI)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that yield and WUE were significantly increased under AWD.”
t0“Rice”
e1“conventional irrigation (CI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under AWD, rice effective and high‐effective leaf area index (LAI) increased.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe0
- Outcome
- effective and high‐effective leaf area index (LAI)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- conventional irrigation (CI)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In terms of yield, AWD increased the effective and high‐effective leaf area index (LAI) and specific leaf nitrogen content at the heading stage, improved the photosynthetic rate and promoted the accumulation and transport of photosynthetic assimilates after flowering.”
t0“Rice”
e1“conventional irrigation (CI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under AWD, rice specific leaf nitrogen content increased.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe0
- Outcome
- specific leaf nitrogen contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- conventional irrigation (CI)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In terms of yield, AWD increased the effective and high‐effective leaf area index (LAI) and specific leaf nitrogen content at the heading stage, improved the photosynthetic rate and promoted the accumulation and transport of photosynthetic assimilates after flowering.”
t0“Rice”
e1“conventional irrigation (CI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under AWD, rice photosynthetic rate improved.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- conventional irrigation (CI)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In terms of yield, AWD increased the effective and high‐effective leaf area index (LAI) and specific leaf nitrogen content at the heading stage, improved the photosynthetic rate and promoted the accumulation and transport of photosynthetic assimilates after flowering.”
t0“Rice”
e1“conventional irrigation (CI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under AWD, rice accumulation and transport of photosynthetic assimilates promoted.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe0
- Outcome
- accumulation and transport of photosynthetic assimilatese0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Comparator
- conventional irrigation (CI)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In terms of yield, AWD increased the effective and high‐effective leaf area index (LAI) and specific leaf nitrogen content at the heading stage, improved the photosynthetic rate and promoted the accumulation and transport of photosynthetic assimilates after flowering.”
t0“Rice”
e1“conventional irrigation (CI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under AWD, rice ineffective tillering inhibited.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe0
- Outcome
- ineffective tilleringe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Comparator
- conventional irrigation (CI)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In terms of water use efficiency, AWD inhibited ineffective tillering, regulated stomatal characteristics and increased antioxidant enzyme activity and cytokinin levels.”
t0“Rice”
e1“conventional irrigation (CI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under AWD, rice stomatal characteristics regulated.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe0
- Outcome
- stomatal characteristicse0
- Direction
- regulatede0
- Comparator
- conventional irrigation (CI)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In terms of water use efficiency, AWD inhibited ineffective tillering, regulated stomatal characteristics and increased antioxidant enzyme activity and cytokinin levels.”
t0“Rice”
e1“conventional irrigation (CI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under AWD, rice antioxidant enzyme activity increased.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- conventional irrigation (CI)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In terms of water use efficiency, AWD inhibited ineffective tillering, regulated stomatal characteristics and increased antioxidant enzyme activity and cytokinin levels.”
t0“Rice”
e1“conventional irrigation (CI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under AWD, rice cytokinin levels increased.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe0
- Outcome
- cytokinin levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- conventional irrigation (CI)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In terms of water use efficiency, AWD inhibited ineffective tillering, regulated stomatal characteristics and increased antioxidant enzyme activity and cytokinin levels.”
t0“Rice”
e1“conventional irrigation (CI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Listed tiller, assimilate, leaf morphology and physiology traits were positively correlated with rice grain yield.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leaf morphologye0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Correlation analysis showed that the percentage of productive tillers, NSC translocation amount and remobilisation, LAI, dry matter accumulation, grain–leaf ratio, leaf morphology (leaf length, leaf width) and leaf physiology (activity of antioxidant enzyme, Z + ZR contents, leaf net photosynthesis rate and specific leaf nitrogen contents) were positively correlated to grain yield and WUE.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Listed tiller, assimilate, leaf morphology and physiology traits were positively correlated with rice WUE.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leaf morphologye0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Correlation analysis showed that the percentage of productive tillers, NSC translocation amount and remobilisation, LAI, dry matter accumulation, grain–leaf ratio, leaf morphology (leaf length, leaf width) and leaf physiology (activity of antioxidant enzyme, Z + ZR contents, leaf net photosynthesis rate and specific leaf nitrogen contents) were positively correlated to grain yield and WUE.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret improved leaf morphology and physiology under AWD as contributing to high yield and efficient water use.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- AWDe0
- Outcome
- high grain yield and efficient water usee0
- Qualifier
- improved leaf morphology and physiologye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicate that the improved leaf morphology and physiology of rice under AWD contributed to realise the goal of high grain yield and efficient water use.”
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