Abstract
Introduction Neodymium (Nd), a rare earth element (REEs), is widely utilized in industry. Although the detailed biological role of Nd in plant biology is unclear, recent reports have noted its oxidative phytotoxicity at concentrations higher than 200 mg kg -1 soil. At present it is unclear if these detrimental effects could be offset by the global rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO 2 ]) which has been shown to enhance photosynthesis and growth in a wide range of C3 plant species. Methods To assess any amelioration effects of [CO 2 ], a phytotoxic dose of Nd (III) was given to wheat grown under two scenarios of atmospheric CO 2 , ambient levels of CO 2 (aCO 2 , 420 ppm) and eCO 2 (620 ppm) to assess growth and photosynthesis. Results and discussion Our results suggest that at ambient [CO 2 ], Nd treatment retarded wheat growth, photosynthesis and induced severe oxidative stress. In contrast, eCO 2 reduced the accumulation of Nd in wheat tissues and mitigated its negative impact on biomass production and photosynthesis related parameters, i.e., photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, Rubisco activity and photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm). Elevated [CO 2 ] also supported the antioxidant defense system in Nd-treated wheat, enhanced production of enzymatic antioxidants, and more efficient ascorbate-glutathione recycling was noted. While additional data are needed, these initial results suggest that rising [CO2] could reduce Nd-induced oxidative stress in wheat.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
At ambient CO2, Nd treatment retarded wheat growth and photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Nd treatmente1
- Outcome
- growth, photosynthesise1
- Direction
- retardede1
- Setting
- ambient [CO 2 ]e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“at ambient [CO 2 ], Nd treatment retarded wheat growth, photosynthesis and induced severe oxidative stress”
t0“phytotoxicity of neodymium in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At ambient CO2, Nd treatment induced severe oxidative stress in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Nd treatmente1
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse1
- Direction
- inducede1
- Setting
- ambient [CO 2 ]e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“at ambient [CO 2 ], Nd treatment retarded wheat growth, photosynthesis and induced severe oxidative stress”
t0“phytotoxicity of neodymium in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced the accumulation of Nd in wheat tissues compared with ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e2
- Outcome
- accumulation of Nd in wheat tissuese2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Comparator
- ambient [CO 2 ]e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“eCO 2 reduced the accumulation of Nd in wheat tissues and mitigated its negative impact on biomass production and photosynthesis related parameters”
e1“at ambient [CO 2 ], Nd treatment retarded wheat growth, photosynthesis and induced severe oxidative stress”
t0“phytotoxicity of neodymium in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 mitigated the negative effect of Nd on biomass production and photosynthesis-related parameters in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e2
- Outcome
- biomass production and photosynthesis related parameterse2
- Direction
- mitigatede2
- Comparator
- ambient [CO 2 ]e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“eCO 2 reduced the accumulation of Nd in wheat tissues and mitigated its negative impact on biomass production and photosynthesis related parameters”
e1“at ambient [CO 2 ], Nd treatment retarded wheat growth, photosynthesis and induced severe oxidative stress”
t0“phytotoxicity of neodymium in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 enhanced production of enzymatic antioxidants in Nd-treated wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Elevated [CO 2 ]e3
- Outcome
- production of enzymatic antioxidantse3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Elevated [CO 2 ] also supported the antioxidant defense system in Nd-treated wheat, enhanced production of enzymatic antioxidants, and more efficient ascorbate-glutathione recycling was noted”
t0“phytotoxicity of neodymium in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 made ascorbate-glutathione recycling more efficient in Nd-treated wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Elevated [CO 2 ]e3
- Outcome
- ascorbate-glutathione recyclinge3
- Direction
- more efficiente3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Elevated [CO 2 ] also supported the antioxidant defense system in Nd-treated wheat, enhanced production of enzymatic antioxidants, and more efficient ascorbate-glutathione recycling was noted”
t0“phytotoxicity of neodymium in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Rising CO2 could reduce Nd-induced oxidative stress in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- rising [CO2]e4
- Outcome
- Nd-induced oxidative stresse4
- Direction
- reducee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“While additional data are needed, these initial results suggest that rising [CO2] could reduce Nd-induced oxidative stress in wheat”
t0“phytotoxicity of neodymium in wheat”
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