Abstract
Abstract A field experiment was carried out in two plastic greenhouses to study the performance of two types of subsurface drip irrigation pipes by adding two types of soil conditioners and their effect on some physical properties of soil and the growth and yield of eggplants in greenhouses during the autumn season 2023 at the research station of the College of Agriculture, University of Kirkuk. The experiment included three main factors; the type of irrigation pipes of two kinds, the first pipes (T-Tape) and the second filtering pipes (RDI), the second factor involved the conditioner type (perlite and zeolite); and the third factor included addition levels (no addition, adding 0.5% of the weight of the experimental unit); and the design of split-split plots was used in the order of randomized completely block design (RCBD). An evaluation of the drip irrigation system was carried out before the start of cultivation. The type (RDI) irrigation pipe was given when evaluating the pre-cultivation irrigation system the highest value for each of design emission uniformity (EU%), field emission uniformity (FEU), absolute field emission uniformity (FEUa), the lowest values of coefficient of manufacture variation (C.V%), the difference in discharge (qvar%), and the discharge rate (qm litre hour −1 ) as the values reached (97.96%, 97.93%, 99.36%, 0.0646%, 0.013%, 0.765 litres hour −1 ), respectively compared to the T-Tape type drip irrigation pipe. Increased volumetric moisture content and lower salt concentration of RDI type irrigation pipe compared to T-tape drip irrigation pipe, the addition of perlite at the level of 0.05% also led to an increase in volumetric moisture content and a decrease in salt concentration compared to non-addition and zeolite addition treatments. The RDI-type drip irrigation pipe gave the highest values of plant height, dry weight of vegetation, leaf area and total yield, reaching 89.566 cm plant −1 , 144.435 gm plant −1 , 13.148 cm 2 leaf −1 and 78.213 Mg ha −1 , respectively, compared to the treatment of the drip irrigation pipe type (T-Tape). The perlite addition treatment recorded the highest values for plant height, dry weight of total vegetation, leaf area and total yield, reaching 92.725 cm plant −1 , 151.402 gm plant −1 , 14.150 cm 2 leaf −1 and 93.346 Mg ha −1 respectively, compared to zeolite addition treatments.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
RDI pipe gave higher irrigation emission uniformity than T-Tape.
- Outcome
- design emission uniformity (EU%)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 97.96%e0
- Comparator
- T-Tape type drip irrigation pipee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The type (RDI) irrigation pipe was given when evaluating the pre-cultivation irrigation system the highest value for each of design emission uniformity (EU%), field emission uniformity (FEU), absolute field emission uniformity (FEUa), the lowest values of coefficient of manufacture variation (C.V%), the difference in discharge (qvar%), and the discharge rate (qm litre hour −1 ) as the values reached (97.96%, 97.93%, 99.36%, 0.0646%, 0.013%, 0.765 litres hour −1 ), respectively compared to the T-Tape type drip irrigation pipe.”
Claim · model-written summary
RDI pipe had the highest field emission uniformity, 97.93%.
Verbatim
e0“field emission uniformity (FEU), absolute field emission uniformity (FEUa), the lowest values of coefficient of manufacture variation (C.V%), the difference in discharge (qvar%), and the discharge rate (qm litre hour −1 ) as the values reached (97.96%, 97.93%, 99.36%, 0.0646%, 0.013%, 0.765 litres hour −1 ), respectively compared to the T-Tape type drip irrigation pipe.”
Claim · model-written summary
RDI pipe had the highest absolute field emission uniformity, 99.36%.
Verbatim
e0“absolute field emission uniformity (FEUa), the lowest values of coefficient of manufacture variation (C.V%), the difference in discharge (qvar%), and the discharge rate (qm litre hour −1 ) as the values reached (97.96%, 97.93%, 99.36%, 0.0646%, 0.013%, 0.765 litres hour −1 ), respectively compared to the T-Tape type drip irrigation pipe.”
Claim · model-written summary
RDI pipe had the lowest manufacturing variation coefficient, 0.0646%.
Verbatim
e0“coefficient of manufacture variation (C.V%), the difference in discharge (qvar%), and the discharge rate (qm litre hour −1 ) as the values reached (97.96%, 97.93%, 99.36%, 0.0646%, 0.013%, 0.765 litres hour −1 ), respectively compared to the T-Tape type drip irrigation pipe.”
Claim · model-written summary
RDI pipe had the lowest discharge variation, 0.013%.
Verbatim
e0“the difference in discharge (qvar%), and the discharge rate (qm litre hour −1 ) as the values reached (97.96%, 97.93%, 99.36%, 0.0646%, 0.013%, 0.765 litres hour −1 ), respectively compared to the T-Tape type drip irrigation pipe.”
Claim · model-written summary
RDI pipe had the lowest discharge rate, 0.765 litres per hour.
Verbatim
e0“the discharge rate (qm litre hour −1 ) as the values reached (97.96%, 97.93%, 99.36%, 0.0646%, 0.013%, 0.765 litres hour −1 ), respectively compared to the T-Tape type drip irrigation pipe.”
Claim · model-written summary
RDI pipe increased volumetric moisture content compared with T-Tape.
- Taxon
- eggplants
Solanum melongenae1 - Treatment
- RDI type irrigation pipee0
- Outcome
- volumetric moisture contente0
- Direction
- Increasede0
- Comparator
- T-tape drip irrigation pipee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased volumetric moisture content and lower salt concentration of RDI type irrigation pipe compared to T-tape drip irrigation pipe”
e1“growth and yield of eggplants in greenhouses”
Claim · model-written summary
RDI pipe reduced salt concentration compared with T-Tape.
- Taxon
- eggplantsSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- RDI type irrigation pipee0
- Outcome
- salt concentratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- T-tape drip irrigation pipee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased volumetric moisture content and lower salt concentration of RDI type irrigation pipe compared to T-tape drip irrigation pipe”
e1“growth and yield of eggplants in greenhouses”
Claim · model-written summary
Perlite increased volumetric moisture content relative to no addition and zeolite.
- Taxon
- eggplantsSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- addition of perlite at the level of 0.05%e0
- Outcome
- volumetric moisture contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- non-addition and zeolite addition treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of perlite at the level of 0.05% also led to an increase in volumetric moisture content and a decrease in salt concentration compared to non-addition and zeolite addition treatments.”
e1“growth and yield of eggplants in greenhouses”
Claim · model-written summary
Perlite decreased salt concentration relative to no addition and zeolite.
- Taxon
- eggplantsSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- addition of perlite at the level of 0.05%e0
- Outcome
- salt concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- non-addition and zeolite addition treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of perlite at the level of 0.05% also led to an increase in volumetric moisture content and a decrease in salt concentration compared to non-addition and zeolite addition treatments.”
e1“growth and yield of eggplants in greenhouses”
Claim · model-written summary
RDI pipe gave eggplant height of 89.566 cm per plant, higher than T-Tape.
- Taxon
- eggplantsSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- RDI-type drip irrigation pipee0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 89.566 cm plant −1e0
- Comparator
- drip irrigation pipe type (T-Tape)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The RDI-type drip irrigation pipe gave the highest values of plant height, dry weight of vegetation, leaf area and total yield, reaching 89.566 cm plant −1 , 144.435 gm plant −1 , 13.148 cm 2 leaf −1 and 78.213 Mg ha −1 , respectively, compared to the treatment of the drip irrigation pipe type (T-Tape).”
e1“growth and yield of eggplants in greenhouses”
Claim · model-written summary
RDI pipe gave vegetation dry weight of 144.435 g per plant, higher than T-Tape.
- Taxon
- eggplantsSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- RDI-type drip irrigation pipee0
- Outcome
- dry weight of vegetatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 144.435 gm plant −1e0
- Comparator
- drip irrigation pipe type (T-Tape)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The RDI-type drip irrigation pipe gave the highest values of plant height, dry weight of vegetation, leaf area and total yield, reaching 89.566 cm plant −1 , 144.435 gm plant −1 , 13.148 cm 2 leaf −1 and 78.213 Mg ha −1 , respectively, compared to the treatment of the drip irrigation pipe type (T-Tape).”
e1“growth and yield of eggplants in greenhouses”
Claim · model-written summary
RDI pipe gave eggplant leaf area of 13.148 cm2 per leaf, higher than T-Tape.
- Taxon
- eggplantsSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- RDI-type drip irrigation pipee0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 13.148 cm 2 leaf −1e0
- Comparator
- drip irrigation pipe type (T-Tape)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The RDI-type drip irrigation pipe gave the highest values of plant height, dry weight of vegetation, leaf area and total yield, reaching 89.566 cm plant −1 , 144.435 gm plant −1 , 13.148 cm 2 leaf −1 and 78.213 Mg ha −1 , respectively, compared to the treatment of the drip irrigation pipe type (T-Tape).”
e1“growth and yield of eggplants in greenhouses”
Claim · model-written summary
RDI pipe gave eggplant yield of 78.213 Mg per hectare, higher than T-Tape.
- Taxon
- eggplantsSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- RDI-type drip irrigation pipee0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 78.213 Mg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- drip irrigation pipe type (T-Tape)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The RDI-type drip irrigation pipe gave the highest values of plant height, dry weight of vegetation, leaf area and total yield, reaching 89.566 cm plant −1 , 144.435 gm plant −1 , 13.148 cm 2 leaf −1 and 78.213 Mg ha −1 , respectively, compared to the treatment of the drip irrigation pipe type (T-Tape).”
e1“growth and yield of eggplants in greenhouses”
Claim · model-written summary
Perlite gave eggplant height of 92.725 cm per plant, higher than zeolite.
- Taxon
- eggplantsSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- perlite addition treatmente0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 92.725 cm plant −1e0
- Comparator
- zeolite addition treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The perlite addition treatment recorded the highest values for plant height, dry weight of total vegetation, leaf area and total yield, reaching 92.725 cm plant −1 , 151.402 gm plant −1 , 14.150 cm 2 leaf −1 and 93.346 Mg ha −1 respectively, compared to zeolite addition treatments.”
e1“growth and yield of eggplants in greenhouses”
Claim · model-written summary
Perlite gave vegetation dry weight of 151.402 g per plant, higher than zeolite.
- Taxon
- eggplantsSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- perlite addition treatmente0
- Outcome
- dry weight of total vegetatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 151.402 gm plant −1e0
- Comparator
- zeolite addition treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The perlite addition treatment recorded the highest values for plant height, dry weight of total vegetation, leaf area and total yield, reaching 92.725 cm plant −1 , 151.402 gm plant −1 , 14.150 cm 2 leaf −1 and 93.346 Mg ha −1 respectively, compared to zeolite addition treatments.”
e1“growth and yield of eggplants in greenhouses”
Claim · model-written summary
Perlite gave eggplant leaf area of 14.150 cm2 per leaf, higher than zeolite.
- Taxon
- eggplantsSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- perlite addition treatmente0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 14.150 cm 2 leaf −1e0
- Comparator
- zeolite addition treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The perlite addition treatment recorded the highest values for plant height, dry weight of total vegetation, leaf area and total yield, reaching 92.725 cm plant −1 , 151.402 gm plant −1 , 14.150 cm 2 leaf −1 and 93.346 Mg ha −1 respectively, compared to zeolite addition treatments.”
e1“growth and yield of eggplants in greenhouses”
Claim · model-written summary
Perlite gave eggplant yield of 93.346 Mg per hectare, higher than zeolite.
- Taxon
- eggplantsSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- perlite addition treatmente0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 93.346 Mg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- zeolite addition treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The perlite addition treatment recorded the highest values for plant height, dry weight of total vegetation, leaf area and total yield, reaching 92.725 cm plant −1 , 151.402 gm plant −1 , 14.150 cm 2 leaf −1 and 93.346 Mg ha −1 respectively, compared to zeolite addition treatments.”
e1“growth and yield of eggplants in greenhouses”
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