Abstract
Nanoparticle contamination has been associated with adverse impacts on crop productivity. Thus, effective approaches are necessary to ameliorate NP-induced phytotoxicity. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of brassinosteroids and ethylene in regulating CuO NPs toxicity in rice seedlings. Therefore, we comprehensively evaluated the crosstalk of 24-Epibrassinolide and ethylene in regulating CuO NP-induced phytotoxicity at the physiological, cellular ultrastructural, and biochemical levels. The results of the study illustrated that exposure to CuO NPs at 450 mg/L displayed a significant decline in growth attributes and induced toxic effects in rice seedlings. Furthermore, the exogenous application of ethylene biosynthesis precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) at 20 µM with 450 mg/L of CuO NPs significantly enhanced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation that led to the stimulation of ultrastructural and stomatal damage and reduced antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT and APX) in rice tissues. On the contrary, it was noticed that 24-Epibrassinolide (BR) at 0.01 µM improved plant biomass and growth, restored cellular ultrastructure, and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT and APX) under exposure to 450 mg/L of CuO NPs. In addition, brassinosteroids reduced ROS accumulation and the toxic effects of 450 mg/L of CuO NPs on guard cells and the stomatal aperture of rice seedlings. Interestingly, when 0.01 µM of brassinosteroids, 20 µM of ACC, and 450 mg/L of CuO NPs were applied together, BRs and ethylene showed antagonistic crosstalk under CuO NP stress via partially reducing the ethylene-induced CuO NP toxicity on plant growth, cellular ultrastructure, stomatal aperture, and guard cell and antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT and APX) in rice seedlings. BR supplementation with ACC and CuO NPs notably diminished ACC-induced CuO NPs’ toxic effects on all of the mentioned attributes in rice seedlings. This study uncovered the interesting crosstalk of two main phytohormones under CuO NPs stress, providing basic knowledge to improve crop yield and productivity in CuO NPs-contaminated areas.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Exposure to 450 mg/L CuO NPs significantly reduced rice seedling growth attributes.
- Taxon
- rice seedlings
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- CuO NPs at 450 mg/Le0
- Outcome
- growth attributese0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exposure to CuO NPs at 450 mg/L displayed a significant decline in growth attributes and induced toxic effects in rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Exposure to 450 mg/L CuO NPs caused toxic effects in rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- CuO NPs at 450 mg/Le0
- Outcome
- toxic effectse0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exposure to CuO NPs at 450 mg/L displayed a significant decline in growth attributes and induced toxic effects in rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC with CuO NPs significantly increased reactive oxygen species accumulation in rice tissue.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ACC) at 20 µM with 450 mg/L of CuO NPse0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ACC) at 20 µM with 450 mg/L of CuO NPs significantly enhanced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation”
t0“Rice Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC with CuO NPs stimulated rice ultrastructural damage.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ACC) at 20 µM with 450 mg/L of CuO NPse1
- Outcome
- ultrastructural and stomatal damagee0
- Direction
- stimulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“that led to the stimulation of ultrastructural and stomatal damage”
e1“ACC) at 20 µM with 450 mg/L of CuO NPs”
t0“Rice Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC with CuO NPs stimulated rice stomatal damage.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ACC) at 20 µM with 450 mg/L of CuO NPse1
- Outcome
- stomatal damagee0
- Direction
- stimulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“that led to the stimulation of ultrastructural and stomatal damage”
e1“ACC) at 20 µM with 450 mg/L of CuO NPs”
t0“Rice Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC with CuO NPs reduced CAT and APX antioxidant enzyme activities in rice tissues.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ACC) at 20 µM with 450 mg/L of CuO NPse1
- Gene
- CAT and APXe0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT and APX)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT and APX) in rice tissues”
e1“ACC) at 20 µM with 450 mg/L of CuO NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
BR at 0.01 µM improved rice biomass under 450 mg/L CuO NPs.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 24-Epibrassinolide (BR) at 0.01 µMe0
- Outcome
- plant biomasse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under exposure to 450 mg/L of CuO NPse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24-Epibrassinolide (BR) at 0.01 µM improved plant biomass and growth”
e1“under exposure to 450 mg/L of CuO NPs”
t0“Rice Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
BR at 0.01 µM improved rice growth under 450 mg/L CuO NPs.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 24-Epibrassinolide (BR) at 0.01 µMe0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under exposure to 450 mg/L of CuO NPse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24-Epibrassinolide (BR) at 0.01 µM improved plant biomass and growth”
e1“under exposure to 450 mg/L of CuO NPs”
t0“Rice Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
BR restored cellular ultrastructure under CuO NP exposure.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 24-Epibrassinolide (BR) at 0.01 µMe1
- Outcome
- cellular ultrastructuree0
- Direction
- restorede0
- Qualifier
- under exposure to 450 mg/L of CuO NPse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“restored cellular ultrastructure”
e1“24-Epibrassinolide (BR) at 0.01 µM”
e2“under exposure to 450 mg/L of CuO NPs”
t0“Rice Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
BR enhanced CAT and APX antioxidant enzyme activities under CuO NP exposure.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 24-Epibrassinolide (BR) at 0.01 µMe1
- Gene
- CAT and APXe0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT and APX)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- under exposure to 450 mg/L of CuO NPse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT and APX) under exposure to 450 mg/L of CuO NPs”
e1“24-Epibrassinolide (BR) at 0.01 µM”
t0“Rice Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinosteroids reduced ROS accumulation in rice seedlings exposed to CuO NPs.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- brassinosteroidse0
- Outcome
- ROS accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 450 mg/L of CuO NPse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“brassinosteroids reduced ROS accumulation”
e1“exposure to 450 mg/L of CuO NPs”
t0“Rice Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinosteroids reduced CuO NP toxic effects on rice guard cells.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- guard cellse0
- Treatment
- brassinosteroidse1
- Outcome
- toxic effects of 450 mg/L of CuO NPs on guard cellse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced ROS accumulation and the toxic effects of 450 mg/L of CuO NPs on guard cells and the stomatal aperture of rice seedlings”
e1“brassinosteroids reduced ROS accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinosteroids reduced CuO NP toxic effects on the rice stomatal aperture.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- stomatal aperturee0
- Treatment
- brassinosteroidse1
- Outcome
- toxic effects of 450 mg/L of CuO NPs on guard cells and the stomatal aperturee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced ROS accumulation and the toxic effects of 450 mg/L of CuO NPs on guard cells and the stomatal aperture of rice seedlings”
e1“brassinosteroids reduced ROS accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinosteroid and ACC cotreatment partially reduced ethylene-induced CuO NP toxicity in rice growth.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 0.01 µM of brassinosteroids, 20 µM of ACC, and 450 mg/L of CuO NPse1
- Outcome
- ethylene-induced CuO NP toxicity on plant growthe0
- Direction
- partially reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BRs and ethylene showed antagonistic crosstalk under CuO NP stress via partially reducing the ethylene-induced CuO NP toxicity on plant growth”
e1“0.01 µM of brassinosteroids, 20 µM of ACC, and 450 mg/L of CuO NPs”
t0“Rice Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinosteroid and ACC cotreatment diminished CuO NP toxicity affecting rice ultrastructure and stomata.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- BR supplementation with ACC and CuO NPse0
- Outcome
- ACC-induced CuO NPs’ toxic effectse0
- Direction
- diminishede0
- Qualifier
- all of the mentioned attributese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BR supplementation with ACC and CuO NPs notably diminished ACC-induced CuO NPs’ toxic effects on all of the mentioned attributes in rice seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
brassinolide · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
26 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
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See all 32 papers →1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid · physiology: hormones · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
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See all 5 papers →brassinolide · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
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See all 9 papers →brassinolide · soil: biology · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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24-epi-brassinolide · soil: biology · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
24-epi-brassinolide · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
9 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
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See all 10 papers →nanoparticle · pest · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
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8 of 16 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.