Paper · 2024 · PLANT ARCHIVES

EFFECT OF WATER-SOLUBLE FERTILIZERS AND BIO STIMULANTS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF POLE BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) UNDER PROTECTED CONDITION

15
claims
30
verbatim quotes
0
citations
3
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to study the "Effect of water-soluble fertilizers and bio stimulants on growth and yield of pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under protected condition" at department of vegetable science, College of Horticulture, Mudigere during the year 2023-24.The study was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with twelve treatments and three replications.The treatments comprised of water-soluble fertilizers (viz., 1 % 19:19:19, 0.5 % monoammonium phosphate and 0.5% potassium nitrate) and bio stimulants (viz., 0.5 % humic acid, 0.5 % sea weed extract and 3 % panchagavya) along with RDF.Among different treatment combinations, foliar application of monoammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate each @ 0.5 per cent with 0.5 per cent humic acid, 0.5 per cent seaweed extract and 3 per cent panchagavya along with RDF (T 12 ) recorded significantly maximum plant height (580.00 cm), number of primary branches (7.20), secondary branches (8.53), number of leaves (154.00),leaf area per plant (5807.01cm 2 ), leaf area index (2.15),total dry matter production (55.79 g) and minimum days to flower bud initiation (35.00 days) and days to 50 per cent flowering (41.07 days).Same treatment also recorded significantly maximum number of pods (55.28), pod length (19.84 cm), pod girth (2.37 cm), pod weight (14.96 g ), pod yield per plant (621.74g) and pod yield per 1000m 2 (2.30 t) over control.

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Claims 15

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The reported treatment gave the maximum plant height (580.00 cm) in pole bean.

Taxon
pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)Phaseolus vulgarist0
Treatment
foliar application of monoammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate each @ 0.5 per cent with 0.5 per cent humic acid, 0.5 per cent seaweed extract and 3 per cent panchagavya along with RDF (T 12 )e0
Outcome
plant heighte0
Direction
maximume0
Value
580.00 cme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Among different treatment combinations, foliar application of monoammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate each @ 0.5 per cent with 0.5 per cent humic acid, 0.5 per cent seaweed extract and 3 per cent panchagavya along with RDF (T 12 ) recorded significantly maximum plant height (580.00 cm), number of primary branches (7.20), secondary branches (8.53), number of leaves (154.00),leaf area per plant (5807.01cm 2 ), leaf area index (2.15),total dry matter production (55.79 g) and minimum days to flower bud initiation (35.00 days) and days to 50 per cent flowering (41.07 days).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 615–1195 · show in text ↑
t0

“pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 78–111 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The reported treatment gave the maximum number of primary branches (7.20) in pole bean.

Taxon
pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)Phaseolus vulgarist0
Treatment
foliar application of monoammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate each @ 0.5 per cent with 0.5 per cent humic acid, 0.5 per cent seaweed extract and 3 per cent panchagavya along with RDF (T 12 )e0
Outcome
number of primary branchese0
Direction
maximume0
Value
7.20e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Among different treatment combinations, foliar application of monoammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate each @ 0.5 per cent with 0.5 per cent humic acid, 0.5 per cent seaweed extract and 3 per cent panchagavya along with RDF (T 12 ) recorded significantly maximum plant height (580.00 cm), number of primary branches (7.20), secondary branches (8.53), number of leaves (154.00),leaf area per plant (5807.01cm 2 ), leaf area index (2.15),total dry matter production (55.79 g) and minimum days to flower bud initiation (35.00 days) and days to 50 per cent flowering (41.07 days).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 615–1195 · show in text ↑
t0

“pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 78–111 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The reported treatment gave the maximum secondary branches (8.53) in pole bean.

Taxon
pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)Phaseolus vulgarist0
Treatment
foliar application of monoammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate each @ 0.5 per cent with 0.5 per cent humic acid, 0.5 per cent seaweed extract and 3 per cent panchagavya along with RDF (T 12 )e0
Outcome
secondary branchese0
Direction
maximume0
Value
8.53e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Among different treatment combinations, foliar application of monoammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate each @ 0.5 per cent with 0.5 per cent humic acid, 0.5 per cent seaweed extract and 3 per cent panchagavya along with RDF (T 12 ) recorded significantly maximum plant height (580.00 cm), number of primary branches (7.20), secondary branches (8.53), number of leaves (154.00),leaf area per plant (5807.01cm 2 ), leaf area index (2.15),total dry matter production (55.79 g) and minimum days to flower bud initiation (35.00 days) and days to 50 per cent flowering (41.07 days).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 615–1195 · show in text ↑
t0

“pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 78–111 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The reported treatment gave the maximum number of leaves (154.00) in pole bean.

Taxon
pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)Phaseolus vulgarist0
Treatment
foliar application of monoammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate each @ 0.5 per cent with 0.5 per cent humic acid, 0.5 per cent seaweed extract and 3 per cent panchagavya along with RDF (T 12 )e0
Outcome
number of leavese0
Direction
maximume0
Value
154.00e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Among different treatment combinations, foliar application of monoammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate each @ 0.5 per cent with 0.5 per cent humic acid, 0.5 per cent seaweed extract and 3 per cent panchagavya along with RDF (T 12 ) recorded significantly maximum plant height (580.00 cm), number of primary branches (7.20), secondary branches (8.53), number of leaves (154.00),leaf area per plant (5807.01cm 2 ), leaf area index (2.15),total dry matter production (55.79 g) and minimum days to flower bud initiation (35.00 days) and days to 50 per cent flowering (41.07 days).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 615–1195 · show in text ↑
t0

“pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 78–111 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The reported treatment gave the maximum leaf area per plant (5807.01cm 2) in pole bean.

Taxon
pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)Phaseolus vulgarist0
Treatment
foliar application of monoammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate each @ 0.5 per cent with 0.5 per cent humic acid, 0.5 per cent seaweed extract and 3 per cent panchagavya along with RDF (T 12 )e0
Outcome
leaf area per plante0
Direction
maximume0
Value
5807.01cm 2e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Among different treatment combinations, foliar application of monoammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate each @ 0.5 per cent with 0.5 per cent humic acid, 0.5 per cent seaweed extract and 3 per cent panchagavya along with RDF (T 12 ) recorded significantly maximum plant height (580.00 cm), number of primary branches (7.20), secondary branches (8.53), number of leaves (154.00),leaf area per plant (5807.01cm 2 ), leaf area index (2.15),total dry matter production (55.79 g) and minimum days to flower bud initiation (35.00 days) and days to 50 per cent flowering (41.07 days).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 615–1195 · show in text ↑
t0

“pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 78–111 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The reported treatment gave the maximum leaf area index (2.15) in pole bean.

Taxon
pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)Phaseolus vulgarist0
Treatment
foliar application of monoammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate each @ 0.5 per cent with 0.5 per cent humic acid, 0.5 per cent seaweed extract and 3 per cent panchagavya along with RDF (T 12 )e0
Outcome
leaf area indexe0
Direction
maximume0
Value
2.15e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Among different treatment combinations, foliar application of monoammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate each @ 0.5 per cent with 0.5 per cent humic acid, 0.5 per cent seaweed extract and 3 per cent panchagavya along with RDF (T 12 ) recorded significantly maximum plant height (580.00 cm), number of primary branches (7.20), secondary branches (8.53), number of leaves (154.00),leaf area per plant (5807.01cm 2 ), leaf area index (2.15),total dry matter production (55.79 g) and minimum days to flower bud initiation (35.00 days) and days to 50 per cent flowering (41.07 days).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 615–1195 · show in text ↑
t0

“pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 78–111 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The reported treatment gave the maximum total dry matter production (55.79 g) in pole bean.

Taxon
pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)Phaseolus vulgarist0
Treatment
foliar application of monoammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate each @ 0.5 per cent with 0.5 per cent humic acid, 0.5 per cent seaweed extract and 3 per cent panchagavya along with RDF (T 12 )e0
Outcome
total dry matter productione0
Direction
maximume0
Value
55.79 ge0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Among different treatment combinations, foliar application of monoammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate each @ 0.5 per cent with 0.5 per cent humic acid, 0.5 per cent seaweed extract and 3 per cent panchagavya along with RDF (T 12 ) recorded significantly maximum plant height (580.00 cm), number of primary branches (7.20), secondary branches (8.53), number of leaves (154.00),leaf area per plant (5807.01cm 2 ), leaf area index (2.15),total dry matter production (55.79 g) and minimum days to flower bud initiation (35.00 days) and days to 50 per cent flowering (41.07 days).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 615–1195 · show in text ↑
t0

“pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 78–111 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The reported treatment gave the minimum days to flower bud initiation (35.00 days) in pole bean.

Taxon
pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)Phaseolus vulgarist0
Treatment
foliar application of monoammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate each @ 0.5 per cent with 0.5 per cent humic acid, 0.5 per cent seaweed extract and 3 per cent panchagavya along with RDF (T 12 )e0
Outcome
days to flower bud initiatione0
Direction
minimume0
Value
35.00 dayse0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Among different treatment combinations, foliar application of monoammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate each @ 0.5 per cent with 0.5 per cent humic acid, 0.5 per cent seaweed extract and 3 per cent panchagavya along with RDF (T 12 ) recorded significantly maximum plant height (580.00 cm), number of primary branches (7.20), secondary branches (8.53), number of leaves (154.00),leaf area per plant (5807.01cm 2 ), leaf area index (2.15),total dry matter production (55.79 g) and minimum days to flower bud initiation (35.00 days) and days to 50 per cent flowering (41.07 days).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 615–1195 · show in text ↑
t0

“pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 78–111 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The reported treatment gave the minimum days to 50 per cent flowering (41.07 days) in pole bean.

Taxon
pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)Phaseolus vulgarist0
Treatment
foliar application of monoammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate each @ 0.5 per cent with 0.5 per cent humic acid, 0.5 per cent seaweed extract and 3 per cent panchagavya along with RDF (T 12 )e0
Outcome
days to 50 per cent floweringe0
Direction
minimume0
Value
41.07 dayse0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Among different treatment combinations, foliar application of monoammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate each @ 0.5 per cent with 0.5 per cent humic acid, 0.5 per cent seaweed extract and 3 per cent panchagavya along with RDF (T 12 ) recorded significantly maximum plant height (580.00 cm), number of primary branches (7.20), secondary branches (8.53), number of leaves (154.00),leaf area per plant (5807.01cm 2 ), leaf area index (2.15),total dry matter production (55.79 g) and minimum days to flower bud initiation (35.00 days) and days to 50 per cent flowering (41.07 days).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 615–1195 · show in text ↑
t0

“pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 78–111 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The reported treatment gave the maximum number of pods (55.28) in pole bean.

Taxon
pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)Phaseolus vulgarist0
Treatment
Same treatmente0
Outcome
number of podse0
Direction
maximume0
Value
55.28e0
Comparator
controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Same treatment also recorded significantly maximum number of pods (55.28), pod length (19.84 cm), pod girth (2.37 cm), pod weight (14.96 g ), pod yield per plant (621.74g) and pod yield per 1000m 2 (2.30 t) over control.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1195–1415 · show in text ↑
t0

“pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 78–111 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The reported treatment gave the maximum pod length (19.84 cm) in pole bean.

Taxon
pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)Phaseolus vulgarist0
Treatment
Same treatmente0
Outcome
pod lengthe0
Direction
maximume0
Value
19.84 cme0
Comparator
controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Same treatment also recorded significantly maximum number of pods (55.28), pod length (19.84 cm), pod girth (2.37 cm), pod weight (14.96 g ), pod yield per plant (621.74g) and pod yield per 1000m 2 (2.30 t) over control.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1195–1415 · show in text ↑
t0

“pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 78–111 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The reported treatment gave the maximum pod girth (2.37 cm) in pole bean.

Taxon
pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)Phaseolus vulgarist0
Treatment
Same treatmente0
Outcome
pod girthe0
Direction
maximume0
Value
2.37 cme0
Comparator
controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Same treatment also recorded significantly maximum number of pods (55.28), pod length (19.84 cm), pod girth (2.37 cm), pod weight (14.96 g ), pod yield per plant (621.74g) and pod yield per 1000m 2 (2.30 t) over control.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1195–1415 · show in text ↑
t0

“pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 78–111 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The reported treatment gave the maximum pod weight (14.96 g) in pole bean.

Taxon
pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)Phaseolus vulgarist0
Treatment
Same treatmente0
Outcome
pod weighte0
Direction
maximume0
Value
14.96 ge0
Comparator
controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Same treatment also recorded significantly maximum number of pods (55.28), pod length (19.84 cm), pod girth (2.37 cm), pod weight (14.96 g ), pod yield per plant (621.74g) and pod yield per 1000m 2 (2.30 t) over control.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1195–1415 · show in text ↑
t0

“pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 78–111 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The reported treatment gave the maximum pod yield per plant (621.74g) in pole bean.

Taxon
pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)Phaseolus vulgarist0
Treatment
Same treatmente0
Outcome
pod yield per plante0
Direction
maximume0
Value
621.74ge0
Comparator
controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Same treatment also recorded significantly maximum number of pods (55.28), pod length (19.84 cm), pod girth (2.37 cm), pod weight (14.96 g ), pod yield per plant (621.74g) and pod yield per 1000m 2 (2.30 t) over control.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1195–1415 · show in text ↑
t0

“pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 78–111 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The reported treatment gave the maximum pod yield per 1000m 2 (2.30 t) in pole bean.

Taxon
pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)Phaseolus vulgarist0
Treatment
Same treatmente0
Outcome
pod yield per 1000m 2e0
Direction
maximume0
Value
2.30 te0
Comparator
controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Same treatment also recorded significantly maximum number of pods (55.28), pod length (19.84 cm), pod girth (2.37 cm), pod weight (14.96 g ), pod yield per plant (621.74g) and pod yield per 1000m 2 (2.30 t) over control.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1195–1415 · show in text ↑
t0

“pole bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 78–111 · show in text ↑

potassium nitrate · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results

3 papers: 2 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
See all 3 papers →

ammonium dihydrogen phosphate · yield · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree

3 papers: 3 positive, 0 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
See all 3 papers →

potassium nitrate · yield · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree

4 papers: 4 positive, 0 negative or no effect

3 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive
See all 4 papers →

botanical · yield · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results differ

34 papers: 25 positive, 9 negative or no effect

24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. no effect

30 papers more in this group

See all 34 papers →

other · yield · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results differ

44 papers: 40 positive, 4 negative or no effect

39 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. negative

40 papers more in this group

See all 44 papers →

other · phenology · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results

2 papers: 1 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
See all 2 papers →

application · phenology · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results

4 papers: 3 positive, 1 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
  3. positive
See all 4 papers →

fertilization · phenology · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results

7 papers: 6 positive, 1 negative or no effect

5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

3 papers more in this group

See all 7 papers →

8 of 14 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.