Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION: The increase in tocopherol (vitamin E) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis during drought and osmotic stress, but not during high light or nitrogen deprivation, is mediated by abscisic acid. Plants increase the production of antioxidants including tocochromanols (vitamin E) during stress. To study the regulation of tocochromanol synthesis, Arabidopsis plants were exposed to drought, osmotic stress stimulated by polyethylene glycol, abscisic acid (ABA), nitrogen deprivation, and high light. ABA treatment resulted in increased contents of tocochromanols, and expression of the key tocopherol biosynthesis genes VTE2 and HPPD was upregulated, indicating that tocochromanol accumulation was regulated by ABA. Under drought and osmotic stress, the ABA and tocochromanol contents as well as VTE2 and HPPD expression were also increased. ABA levels did not change during nitrogen deprivation or high light treatment, indicating that tocochromanol accumulation under these conditions was ABA-independent. Tocochromanol accumulation during drought or osmotic stress was not compromised in the ABA-deficient aba1-6, aba2-1 and aba3-2 mutants, suggesting that tocochromanol synthesis under these conditions was mostly regulated in an ABA-independent way. Therefore, the accumulation of tocochromanols in Arabidopsis can be regulated by ABA-dependent and ABA-independent signaling pathways, based on the specific conditions.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
ABA treatment increased tocochromanol contents.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- ABA treatmente0
- Outcome
- contents of tocochromanolse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis plants were exposed to drought, osmotic stress stimulated by polyethylene glycol, abscisic acid (ABA), nitrogen deprivation, and high light. ABA treatment resulted in increased contents of tocochromanols”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA treatment upregulated VTE2 expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- VTE2e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“expression of the key tocopherol biosynthesis genes VTE2 and HPPD was upregulated”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA treatment upregulated HPPD expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- HPPDe0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“expression of the key tocopherol biosynthesis genes VTE2 and HPPD was upregulated”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought raised ABA content.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- ABAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“Under drought and osmotic stress, the ABA and tocochromanol contents as well as VTE2 and HPPD expression were also increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought raised tocochromanol content.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- tocochromanol contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“Under drought and osmotic stress, the ABA and tocochromanol contents as well as VTE2 and HPPD expression were also increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased VTE2 and HPPD expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- VTE2 and HPPD expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“Under drought and osmotic stress, the ABA and tocochromanol contents as well as VTE2 and HPPD expression were also increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress raised ABA content.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- osmotic stresse0
- Outcome
- ABAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“Under drought and osmotic stress, the ABA and tocochromanol contents as well as VTE2 and HPPD expression were also increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress raised tocochromanol content.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- osmotic stresse0
- Outcome
- tocochromanol contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“Under drought and osmotic stress, the ABA and tocochromanol contents as well as VTE2 and HPPD expression were also increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress increased VTE2 and HPPD expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- osmotic stresse0
- Outcome
- VTE2 and HPPD expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“Under drought and osmotic stress, the ABA and tocochromanol contents as well as VTE2 and HPPD expression were also increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen deprivation did not change ABA levels.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- nitrogen deprivatione0
- Outcome
- ABA levelse0
- Direction
- did not changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“ABA levels did not change during nitrogen deprivation or high light treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
High light did not change ABA levels.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- high light treatmente0
- Outcome
- ABA levelse0
- Direction
- did not changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“ABA levels did not change during nitrogen deprivation or high light treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA-deficient mutants retained drought-induced tocochromanol accumulation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- aba1-6, aba2-1 and aba3-2 mutantse0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- Tocochromanol accumulatione0
- Direction
- not compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“Tocochromanol accumulation during drought or osmotic stress was not compromised in the ABA-deficient aba1-6, aba2-1 and aba3-2 mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA-deficient mutants retained osmotic-stress-induced tocochromanol accumulation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- aba1-6, aba2-1 and aba3-2 mutantse0
- Treatment
- osmotic stresse0
- Outcome
- Tocochromanol accumulatione0
- Direction
- not compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“Tocochromanol accumulation during drought or osmotic stress was not compromised in the ABA-deficient aba1-6, aba2-1 and aba3-2 mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpreted ABA treatment as evidence of ABA regulation of tocochromanol accumulation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- tocochromanol accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- regulated by ABAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“indicating that tocochromanol accumulation was regulated by ABA”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred ABA-independent accumulation under nitrogen deprivation and high light.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- tocochromanol accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- ABA-independente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“tocochromanol accumulation under these conditions was ABA-independent”
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See all 47 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.