Abstract
Considering global climate change, the incidence of combined drought and heat stress is likely to increase in the future and will considerably influence plant-pathogen interactions. Until now, little has been known about plants exposed to simultaneously occurring abiotic and biotic stresses. To shed some light on molecular plant responses to multiple stress factors, a versatile multifactorial test system, allowing simultaneous application of heat, drought, and virus stress, was developed in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Comparative analysis of single, double, and triple stress responses by transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed that gene expression under multifactorial stress is not predictable from single stress treatments. Hierarchical cluster and principal component analyses identified heat as the major stress factor, clearly separating heat-stressed from non-heat-stressed plants. We identified 11 genes differentially regulated in all stress combinations as well as 23 genes specifically regulated under triple stress. Furthermore, we showed that virus-treated plants displayed enhanced expression of defense genes, which was abolished in plants additionally subjected to heat and drought stress. Triple stress also reduced the expression of genes involved in the R-mediated disease response and increased the cytoplasmic protein response, which was not seen under single stress conditions. These observations suggested that abiotic stress factors significantly altered turnip mosaic virus-specific signaling networks, which led to a deactivation of defense responses and a higher susceptibility of plants. Collectively, our transcriptome and metabolome data provide a powerful resource to study plant responses during multifactorial stress and allow identifying metabolic processes and functional networks involved in tripartite interactions of plants with their environment.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
A multifactorial heat, drought and virus stress test system was developed in Arabidopsis
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Outcome
- multifactorial test systeme0
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a versatile multifactorial test system, allowing simultaneous application of heat, drought, and virus stress, was developed in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Multifactorial gene expression could not be predicted from single stress responses
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- gene expression under multifactorial stresse0
- Comparator
- single stress treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gene expression under multifactorial stress is not predictable from single stress treatments”
t0“Simultaneous Application of Heat, Drought, and Virus to Arabidopsis Plants Reveals Significant Shifts in Signaling Networks”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat was the major stress factor in clustering
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- heate0
- Outcome
- major stress factore0
- Comparator
- non-heat-stressed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“heat as the major stress factor, clearly separating heat-stressed from non-heat-stressed plants”
t0“Simultaneous Application of Heat, Drought, and Virus to Arabidopsis Plants Reveals Significant Shifts in Signaling Networks”
Claim · model-written summary
Eleven genes were differentially regulated across all stress combinations
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- genes differentially regulated in all stress combinationse0
- Value
- 11 genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“11 genes differentially regulated in all stress combinations”
t0“Simultaneous Application of Heat, Drought, and Virus to Arabidopsis Plants Reveals Significant Shifts in Signaling Networks”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty three genes were specifically regulated under triple stress
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- genes specifically regulated under triple stresse0
- Value
- 23 genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“23 genes specifically regulated under triple stress”
t0“Simultaneous Application of Heat, Drought, and Virus to Arabidopsis Plants Reveals Significant Shifts in Signaling Networks”
Claim · model-written summary
Virus treatment enhanced defense gene expression
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- virus-treatede0
- Interactor
- viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- expression of defense genese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“virus-treated plants displayed enhanced expression of defense genes”
t0“Simultaneous Application of Heat, Drought, and Virus to Arabidopsis Plants Reveals Significant Shifts in Signaling Networks”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat and drought abolished virus induced defense gene expression
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- heat and drought stresse0
- Interactor
- viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- expression of defense genese0
- Direction
- abolishede0
- Comparator
- virus-treated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“virus-treated plants displayed enhanced expression of defense genes, which was abolished in plants additionally subjected to heat and drought stress”
t0“Simultaneous Application of Heat, Drought, and Virus to Arabidopsis Plants Reveals Significant Shifts in Signaling Networks”
Claim · model-written summary
Triple stress reduced R mediated disease response gene expression
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Triple stresse0
- Outcome
- expression of genes involved in the R-mediated disease responsee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triple stress also reduced the expression of genes involved in the R-mediated disease response”
t0“Simultaneous Application of Heat, Drought, and Virus to Arabidopsis Plants Reveals Significant Shifts in Signaling Networks”
Claim · model-written summary
Triple stress increased cytoplasmic protein response
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Triple stresse0
- Outcome
- cytoplasmic protein responsee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- single stress conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triple stress also reduced the expression of genes involved in the R-mediated disease response and increased the cytoplasmic protein response, which was not seen under single stress conditions”
t0“Simultaneous Application of Heat, Drought, and Virus to Arabidopsis Plants Reveals Significant Shifts in Signaling Networks”
Claim · model-written summary
Abiotic stresses were interpreted to deactivate virus defense and raise plant susceptibility
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Interactor
- turnip mosaic virus
Turnip mosaic viruse0pathogen - Outcome
- higher susceptibility of plantse0
- Qualifier
- deactivation of defense responsese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“abiotic stress factors significantly altered turnip mosaic virus-specific signaling networks, which led to a deactivation of defense responses and a higher susceptibility of plants”
t0“Simultaneous Application of Heat, Drought, and Virus to Arabidopsis Plants Reveals Significant Shifts in Signaling Networks”
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See all 47 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.