Abstract
The effects of hexanal supplementation in the storage atmosphere of ‘Fuji Kiku’ apples were investigated. The contents of volatile compounds (VOCs) in the headspace emitted by apple fruit during cold storage and in the headspace of apple fruit and juice during shelf life were determined. Hexanal treatment during storage significantly affected the VOC profile by stimulating the production or retention of key esters, including hexyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and butyl 2-methylbutanoate, during cold storage. Supplementation of hexanal also increased the production of linear esters, especially hexyl acetate, and promoted the formation of branched esters such as ethyl 2-methylbutanoate and hexyl 2-methylbutanoate during shelf life. Hexanal also increased the alcohol concentrations, with a significant increase in hexanol and 2-pentanol. Partial least squares discriminant analysis showed clear separation between control and hexanal-treated samples, with compounds like butyl hexanoate and 2-methyl-1-butanol being the most influential. Apple juice extracted from the flesh of hexanal-treated apples exhibited higher concentrations of key VOCs, including 2-methylbutyl acetate, hexyl acetate, and 2-methyl-1-butanol. No significant differences in firmness were observed; however, hexanal showed an inhibitory effect on the colour development of fruit. This study highlights the potential of hexanal in influencing aroma-related compounds and provides insight into strategies to improve postharvest aroma in apples.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Hexanal stimulated production or retention of three key esters during cold storage.
- Taxon
- Apples
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- Hexanal treatmente0
- Outcome
- production or retention of key esters, including hexyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and butyl 2-methylbutanoatee0
- Direction
- stimulatinge0
- Setting
- cold storagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“Hexanal treatment during storage significantly affected the VOC profile by stimulating the production or retention of key esters, including hexyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and butyl 2-methylbutanoate, during cold storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexanal increased linear esters, especially hexyl acetate, during shelf life.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- hexanale0
- Outcome
- production of linear esters, especially hexyl acetatee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“Supplementation of hexanal also increased the production of linear esters, especially hexyl acetate”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexanal promoted two branched esters during shelf life.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- hexanale1
- Outcome
- formation of branched esters such as ethyl 2-methylbutanoate and hexyl 2-methylbutanoatee0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“promoted the formation of branched esters such as ethyl 2-methylbutanoate and hexyl 2-methylbutanoate during shelf life”
e1“Supplementation of hexanal”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexanal significantly increased hexanol and 2-pentanol concentrations.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Hexanale0
- Outcome
- hexanol and 2-pentanole0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“Hexanal also increased the alcohol concentrations, with a significant increase in hexanol and 2-pentanol”
Claim · model-written summary
Partial least squares analysis separated control and hexanal samples.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- clear separatione0
- Qualifier
- butyl hexanoate and 2-methyl-1-butanole0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“Partial least squares discriminant analysis showed clear separation between control and hexanal-treated samples, with compounds like butyl hexanoate and 2-methyl-1-butanol being the most influential”
Claim · model-written summary
Juice from hexanal-treated apples had higher levels of three key volatiles.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- fleshe0
- Treatment
- hexanal-treatede0
- Outcome
- concentrations of key VOCs, including 2-methylbutyl acetate, hexyl acetate, and 2-methyl-1-butanole0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple juice extracted from the flesh of hexanal-treated apples exhibited higher concentrations of key VOCs, including 2-methylbutyl acetate, hexyl acetate, and 2-methyl-1-butanol”
Claim · model-written summary
Firmness did not differ significantly with hexanal treatment.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- hexanale0
- Outcome
- firmnesse0
- Direction
- No significant differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“No significant differences in firmness were observed; however, hexanal showed an inhibitory effect on the colour development of fruit”
e1“hexanal-treated samples”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexanal inhibited fruit colour development.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- hexanale0
- Outcome
- colour development of fruite0
- Direction
- inhibitorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“hexanal showed an inhibitory effect on the colour development of fruit”
The same questions in other papers
hexanal · quality: postharvest · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
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- positive
hexanal · molecular: metabolites · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
hexanal · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.