Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of extended and constant ethanol and hexanal exposure on ‘Gala’ apples’ production of aroma compounds after long-term CA storage. ‘Gala’ apples were stored in a CA under 2 kPa O2 and 98 kPa N2 at 1.0 ± 0.1 ◦C with a constant ethanol (CA-et) or hexanal (CA-he) concentration maintained at 50 µgL$^{−1}$ throughout a six-month storage period. A total of 25 volatile compounds (VOCs) were identified. The odor activity value (OAV) results show that nine VOCs were key aroma compounds. Among them, hexyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl acetate, and 1-butanol were the highest. Hexanal increased the production of hexyl acetate, while ethanol increased the production of 2-methylbutyl acetate and ethyl 2-methylbutanoate. Both precursors promoted the production of 1-butanol after two months of storage and 1 day of shelf life. Overall, the impact of the precursors on aroma production was more pronounced after two months than after six months of storage. Different storage atmospheres significantly influenced VOC correlations, suggesting that ethanol and hexanal addition altered aroma biosynthesis pathways in the ‘Gala’ apples. For varieties like ‘Gala’ that rapidly lose their aroma during CA storage, CA-et and CA-he treatments may be beneficial for short-term storage, enhancing key aroma compounds and improving sensory quality.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
A total of 25 volatile compounds were identified in Gala apples during CA storage.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticat0 - Material
- Galat0
- Outcome
- volatile compounds (VOCs)e1
- Value
- 25e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Gala’ apples stored in ethanol- and hexanal-enriched controlled atmosphere”
e1“A total of 25 volatile compounds (VOCs) were identified”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine VOCs were key aroma compounds in Gala apples, based on odor activity values.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Galat0
- Outcome
- key aroma compoundse2
- Value
- nine VOCse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Gala’ apples stored in ethanol- and hexanal-enriched controlled atmosphere”
e2“The odor activity value (OAV) results show that nine VOCs were key aroma compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl acetate and 1-butanol were the highest aroma compounds in Gala apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Galat0
- Outcome
- hexyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl acetate, and 1-butanol were the higheste3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Gala’ apples stored in ethanol- and hexanal-enriched controlled atmosphere”
e3“Among them, hexyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl acetate, and 1-butanol were the highest”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexanal increased the production of hexyl acetate in Gala apples stored in CA.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Galat0
- Treatment
- Hexanale4
- Outcome
- production of hexyl acetatee4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Gala’ apples stored in ethanol- and hexanal-enriched controlled atmosphere”
e4“Hexanal increased the production of hexyl acetate”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol increased the production of 2-methylbutyl acetate and ethyl 2-methylbutanoate in Gala apples stored in CA.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Galat0
- Treatment
- ethanole5
- Outcome
- production of 2-methylbutyl acetate and ethyl 2-methylbutanoatee5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Gala’ apples stored in ethanol- and hexanal-enriched controlled atmosphere”
e5“while ethanol increased the production of 2-methylbutyl acetate and ethyl 2-methylbutanoate”
Claim · model-written summary
Both precursors promoted the production of 1-butanol after two months of storage and 1 day of shelf life in Gala apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Galat0
- Treatment
- precursorse6
- Outcome
- production of 1-butanole6
- Direction
- promotede6
- Qualifier
- after two months of storage and 1 day of shelf lifee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Gala’ apples stored in ethanol- and hexanal-enriched controlled atmosphere”
e6“Both precursors promoted the production of 1-butanol after two months of storage and 1 day of shelf life”
Claim · model-written summary
The impact of the precursors on aroma production was more pronounced after two months than after six months of storage.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Galat0
- Treatment
- precursorse7
- Outcome
- impact of the precursors on aroma productione7
- Direction
- more pronouncede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Gala’ apples stored in ethanol- and hexanal-enriched controlled atmosphere”
e7“Overall, the impact of the precursors on aroma production was more pronounced after two months than after six months of storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Different storage atmospheres significantly influenced VOC correlations in Gala apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Galat0
- Treatment
- Different storage atmospherese0
- Outcome
- VOC correlationse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Gala’ apples stored in ethanol- and hexanal-enriched controlled atmosphere”
e0“Different storage atmospheres significantly influenced VOC correlations”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol and hexanal addition suggestedly altered aroma biosynthesis pathways in Gala apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Galat0
- Treatment
- ethanol and hexanal additione0
- Outcome
- aroma biosynthesis pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Gala’ apples stored in ethanol- and hexanal-enriched controlled atmosphere”
e0“suggesting that ethanol and hexanal addition altered aroma biosynthesis pathways”
Claim · model-written summary
CA storage with constant ethanol or hexanal exposure may be beneficial for short-term storage of Gala apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Galat0
- Outcome
- beneficial for short-term storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Gala’ apples stored in ethanol- and hexanal-enriched controlled atmosphere”
e0“CA-et and CA-he treatments may be beneficial for short-term storage”
Claim · model-written summary
CA-et and CA-he treatments may enhance key aroma compounds in Gala apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Galat0
- Treatment
- CA-et and CA-he treatmentse0
- Outcome
- key aroma compoundse1
- Direction
- enhancinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Gala’ apples stored in ethanol- and hexanal-enriched controlled atmosphere”
e0“CA-et and CA-he treatments may be beneficial for short-term storage”
e1“enhancing key aroma compounds and improving sensory quality”
Claim · model-written summary
CA-et and CA-he treatments may improve sensory quality of Gala apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Galat0
- Treatment
- CA-et and CA-he treatmentse0
- Outcome
- sensory qualitye1
- Direction
- improvinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“‘Gala’ apples stored in ethanol- and hexanal-enriched controlled atmosphere”
e0“CA-et and CA-he treatments may be beneficial for short-term storage”
e1“enhancing key aroma compounds and improving sensory quality”
The same questions in other papers
ethanol · quality: general · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
ethanol · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
ethanol · quality: phytochemicals · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
hexanal · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.