Abstract
‘Honeycrisp’ (Malus domestica Borkh.), a premium applecultivar, is highly susceptible to bitter pit and decline in quality during long-term storage. In order to enhance the quality, an aqueous composition containing hexanal was applied as a preharvest spray. The effects of hexanal were assessed on the treated fruit and compared with HarvistaTM (a sprayable 1-Methylcyclopropene based commercial formulation) applied and control fruit under both cold (2.5 °C; four months) and cold after room temperature storage (20 °C; 14 days) conditions. Color, firmness, and total soluble solids (TSS) did not show a significant change in response to any treatment at harvest, while abscisic acid (ABA) significantly reduced and tryptophan increased in response to hexanal, compared to HarvistaTM and control. The treatment effects on quality traits were observed during storage. Both hexanal and HarvistaTM sprayed apples had higher TSS under both cold and room temperature storage. In addition, both sprays enhanced firmness at room temperature storage. However, the effects of sprays on other quality traits showed a different pattern. Apples sprayed with hexanal had lower phospholipase D enzyme (PLD) activity, lower incidence of bitter pit, and decreased expression of MdPLDα1 compared to HarvistaTM and control. On the other hand, HarvistaTM treated fruit produced lower ethylene. Both sprays decreased the expression of MdPLDα4, MdCaM2, MdCaM4 and MdCML18 genes. Generally, PLD alpha has a direct role in promoting fruit senescence, whereas the calcium senor proteins (CaM/CMLs) may involve in fruit ripening process via calcium and ethylene interactions. Therefore, improved postharvest qualities, including the lower incidence of bitter pit in hexanal treated ‘Honeycrisp’, may be associated with lower membrane damage due to lower PLD enzyme activity and decreased expression of MdPLDα1 and MdPLDα4 genes throughout the storage period.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
At harvest, color, firmness and soluble solids did not change significantly with treatment.
- Taxon
- Apples
Malus domesticat0 - Organ / stage
- at harveste0
- Treatment
- any treatmente0
- Outcome
- Color, firmness, and total soluble solids (TSS)e0
- Direction
- did not show a significant changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Color, firmness, and total soluble solids (TSS) did not show a significant change in response to any treatment at harvest”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexanal reduced abscisic acid at harvest versus Harvista and control.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- hexanale0
- Outcome
- abscisic acid (ABA)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- HarvistaTM and controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“abscisic acid (ABA) significantly reduced and tryptophan increased in response to hexanal, compared to HarvistaTM and control.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexanal increased tryptophan at harvest versus Harvista and control.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- hexanale0
- Outcome
- tryptophane0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- HarvistaTM and controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“abscisic acid (ABA) significantly reduced and tryptophan increased in response to hexanal, compared to HarvistaTM and control.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexanal increased soluble solids in cold and room temperature storage.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- hexanale0
- Outcome
- TSSe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- under both cold and room temperature storagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both hexanal and HarvistaTM sprayed apples had higher TSS under both cold and room temperature storage.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvista increased soluble solids in cold and room temperature storage.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- HarvistaTMe0
- Outcome
- TSSe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- under both cold and room temperature storagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both hexanal and HarvistaTM sprayed apples had higher TSS under both cold and room temperature storage.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexanal enhanced apple firmness at room temperature storage.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- hexanale1
- Outcome
- firmnesse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- at room temperature storagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both sprays enhanced firmness at room temperature storage.”
e1“Both hexanal and HarvistaTM sprayed apples”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvista enhanced apple firmness at room temperature storage.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- HarvistaTMe1
- Outcome
- firmnesse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- at room temperature storagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both sprays enhanced firmness at room temperature storage.”
e1“Both hexanal and HarvistaTM sprayed apples”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexanal lowered phospholipase D activity compared with Harvista and control.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- hexanale0
- Gene
- phospholipase D enzyme (PLD)e0
- Outcome
- phospholipase D enzyme (PLD) activitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- HarvistaTM and controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apples sprayed with hexanal had lower phospholipase D enzyme (PLD) activity, lower incidence of bitter pit, and decreased expression of MdPLDα1 compared to HarvistaTM and control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexanal lowered bitter pit incidence compared with Harvista and control.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- hexanale0
- Outcome
- incidence of bitter pite0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- HarvistaTM and controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apples sprayed with hexanal had lower phospholipase D enzyme (PLD) activity, lower incidence of bitter pit, and decreased expression of MdPLDα1 compared to HarvistaTM and control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexanal decreased MdPLDα1 expression compared with Harvista and control.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- hexanale0
- Gene
- MdPLDα1e0
- Outcome
- expression of MdPLDα1e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- HarvistaTM and controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apples sprayed with hexanal had lower phospholipase D enzyme (PLD) activity, lower incidence of bitter pit, and decreased expression of MdPLDα1 compared to HarvistaTM and control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvista treated fruit produced less ethylene.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- HarvistaTMe0
- Outcome
- ethylenee0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HarvistaTM treated fruit produced lower ethylene.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexanal decreased expression of MdPLDα4, MdCaM2 and MdCaM4.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- hexanale1
- Gene
- MdPLDα4e0
- Outcome
- expression of MdPLDα4, MdCaM2, MdCaM4e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both sprays decreased the expression of MdPLDα4, MdCaM2, MdCaM4 and MdCML18 genes.”
e1“Both hexanal and HarvistaTM sprayed apples”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexanal decreased MdCML18 expression.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- hexanale1
- Gene
- MdCML18e0
- Outcome
- MdCML18 genese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both sprays decreased the expression of MdPLDα4, MdCaM2, MdCaM4 and MdCML18 genes.”
e1“Both hexanal and HarvistaTM sprayed apples”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvista decreased expression of MdPLDα4, MdCaM2 and MdCaM4.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- HarvistaTMe1
- Gene
- MdPLDα4e0
- Outcome
- expression of MdPLDα4, MdCaM2, MdCaM4e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both sprays decreased the expression of MdPLDα4, MdCaM2, MdCaM4 and MdCML18 genes.”
e1“Both hexanal and HarvistaTM sprayed apples”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvista decreased MdCML18 expression.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- HarvistaTMe1
- Gene
- MdCML18e0
- Outcome
- MdCML18 genese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both sprays decreased the expression of MdPLDα4, MdCaM2, MdCaM4 and MdCML18 genes.”
e1“Both hexanal and HarvistaTM sprayed apples”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors link improved hexanal treated fruit quality to reduced membrane damage and PLD activity and expression.
Verbatim
e0“improved postharvest qualities, including the lower incidence of bitter pit in hexanal treated ‘Honeycrisp’, may be associated with lower membrane damage due to lower PLD enzyme activity and decreased expression of MdPLDα1 and MdPLDα4 genes throughout the storage period.”
The same questions in other papers
hexanal · quality: sugar starch · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
hexanal · quality: postharvest · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
hexanal · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.