Abstract
Temperature is one of the major stresses for tobacco growth due to its sensitivity to low temperature. Optimizing nitrogen (N) supply and acclimatization of N metabolism are essential prerequisite for the performance of plants when facing low temperature. In this study, we aimed to explore the influence of exogenous glutamine (Gln) under low temperature on growth, N metabolism and photosynthetic characteristics of tobacco. Cold stress resulted in retarded plant growth mainly contributing to inhibited growth of leaf and root. However, Gln application alleviated cold stress and significantly increased leaf fresh weight by 44.8 % and root fresh weight by 38.4 %, respectively. Similarly, Gln application recovered N content under low-temperature treatment to the similar level as that under the control. Increased N content by Gln application resulted from upregulated transcripts of N transporters and assimilation genes within tobacco plants. In addition, photosynthetic capacity was also increased by Gln application compared with low-temperature treatment alone, in which Gln significantly boosted the photosynthetic activity (24.3 %) and increased the leaf area (24.8 %) under cold stress. Intriguingly, enhanced auxin content was observed in leaves and roots after Gln application, paralleling with higher transcripts of auxin synthesis and polar transport genes and higher [ 3 H]IAA activity under Gln treatment. Furthermore, exogenous addition of analog auxin under low temperature restored leaf area, photosynthesis and growth of lateral root to a similar level as that under the control; in contrast, addition of auxin transport inhibitor under Gln-application treatment inhibited growth of leaf and root. We demonstrated that Gln addition improved growth of tobacco plants and thus facilitated coordination of carbon and N metabolism in which changing auxin distribution within plants was involved in their balance. In conclusion, the current findings imply that Gln application mitigates cold stress and enhances tobacco growth and development in low temperature. • Glutamine enhances tobacco resistance to low temperature. • Low temperature decreases N metabolism and amino acids content. • Glutamine addition alleviates low-temperature inhibited tobacco leaves and roots. • Glutamine coordinates C/N balance via shifting auxin distribution.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress retarded tobacco growth, especially leaf and root growth.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Treatment
- Cold stresse0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- retardede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cold stress resulted in retarded plant growth mainly contributing to inhibited growth of leaf and root”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine increased tobacco leaf fresh weight by 44.8% under cold stress.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Gln applicatione0
- Outcome
- leaf fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 44.8 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gln application alleviated cold stress and significantly increased leaf fresh weight by 44.8 % and root fresh weight by 38.4 %”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine increased tobacco root fresh weight by 38.4% under cold stress.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Gln applicatione0
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 38.4 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gln application alleviated cold stress and significantly increased leaf fresh weight by 44.8 % and root fresh weight by 38.4 %”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine restored nitrogen content under low temperature to the control level.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Gln applicatione0
- Outcome
- N contente0
- Direction
- recoverede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gln application recovered N content under low-temperature treatment to the similar level as that under the control”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine upregulated nitrogen transport and assimilation genes.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Gln applicatione0
- Gene
- N transporters and assimilation genese0
- Outcome
- N contente0
- Direction
- Increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased N content by Gln application resulted from upregulated transcripts of N transporters and assimilation genes within tobacco plants”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine increased photosynthetic activity by 24.3% under cold stress.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Glne0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- boostede0
- Value
- 24.3 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gln significantly boosted the photosynthetic activity (24.3 %) and increased the leaf area (24.8 %) under cold stress”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine increased leaf area by 24.8% under cold stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gln significantly boosted the photosynthetic activity (24.3 %) and increased the leaf area (24.8 %) under cold stress”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine increased auxin content in tobacco leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Gln applicatione0
- Outcome
- auxin contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced auxin content was observed in leaves and roots after Gln application”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine increased transcripts of auxin synthesis and transport genes.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Gln treatmente0
- Outcome
- transcripts of auxin synthesis and polar transport genese0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher transcripts of auxin synthesis and polar transport genes and higher [ 3 H]IAA activity under Gln treatment”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine raised labeled IAA activity.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Gln treatmente0
- Outcome
- [ 3 H]IAA activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher [ 3 H]IAA activity under Gln treatment”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous analog auxin restored leaf area, photosynthesis, and lateral-root growth at low temperature to control levels.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous addition of analog auxin under low temperaturee0
- Outcome
- leaf area, photosynthesis and growth of lateral roote0
- Direction
- restorede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous addition of analog auxin under low temperature restored leaf area, photosynthesis and growth of lateral root to a similar level as that under the control”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin transport inhibition under glutamine treatment inhibited tobacco leaf and root growth.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- addition of auxin transport inhibitor under Gln-application treatmente0
- Outcome
- growth of leaf and roote0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“addition of auxin transport inhibitor under Gln-application treatment inhibited growth of leaf and root”
t0“tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature decreased tobacco nitrogen metabolism and amino acid content.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Low temperaturee0
- Outcome
- N metabolism and amino acids contente0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature decreases N metabolism and amino acids content”
t0“tobacco”
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