Abstract
Cold stress is one of the major constraints limiting the productivity of many important crops, including tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) production and quality worldwide. However, the role of magnesium (Mg) nutrition in plants has been frequently overlooked, especially under cold stress, and Mg deficiency adversely affects plant growth and development. Here, we evaluated the influence of Mg under cold stress on tobacco morphology, nutrient uptake, photosynthetic and quality attributes. The tobacco plants were grown under different levels of cold stress, i.e., 8°C, 12°C, 16°C, including with a controlled temperature of 25°C, and evaluated their effects with Mg (+Mg) and without Mg (–Mg) application. Cold stress resulted in reduced plant growth. However, the +Mg alleviated the cold stress and significantly increased the plant biomass on an average of 17.8% for shoot fresh weight, 20.9% for root fresh weight, 15.7% for shoot dry weight, and 15.5% for root dry weight. Similarly, the nutrients uptake also increased on average for shoot-N (28.7%), root-N (22.4%), shoot-P (46.9%), root-P (7.2%), shoot-K (5.4%), root-K (28.9%), shoot-Mg (191.4%), root-Mg (187.2%) under cold stress with +Mg compared to –Mg. Mg application significantly boosted the photosynthetic activity (Pn 24.6%) and increased the chlorophyll contents ( Chl-a (18.8%), Chl-b (25%), carotenoids (22.2%)) in the leaves under cold stress in comparison with –Mg treatment. Meanwhile, Mg application also improved the quality of tobacco, including starch and sucrose contents, on an average of 18.3% and 20.8%, respectively, compared to –Mg. The principal component analysis revealed that tobacco performance was optimum under +Mg treatment at 16°C. This study confirms that Mg application alleviates cold stress and substantially improves tobacco morphological indices, nutrient absorption, photosynthetic traits, and quality attributes. In short, the current findings suggest that Mg application may alleviate cold stress and improve tobacco growth and quality.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress reduced tobacco plant growth.
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Treatment
- Cold stresse0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cold stress resulted in reduced plant growth.”
t0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium increased shoot fresh weight under cold stress by 17.8%.
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- +Mge0
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 17.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the +Mg alleviated the cold stress and significantly increased the plant biomass on an average of 17.8% for shoot fresh weight, 20.9% for root fresh weight, 15.7% for shoot dry weight, and 15.5% for root dry weight”
t0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium increased root fresh weight under cold stress by 20.9%.
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- +Mge0
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the +Mg alleviated the cold stress and significantly increased the plant biomass on an average of 17.8% for shoot fresh weight, 20.9% for root fresh weight, 15.7% for shoot dry weight, and 15.5% for root dry weight”
t0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium increased shoot dry weight under cold stress by 15.7%.
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- +Mge0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the +Mg alleviated the cold stress and significantly increased the plant biomass on an average of 17.8% for shoot fresh weight, 20.9% for root fresh weight, 15.7% for shoot dry weight, and 15.5% for root dry weight”
t0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium increased root dry weight under cold stress by 15.5%.
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- +Mge0
- Outcome
- root dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the +Mg alleviated the cold stress and significantly increased the plant biomass on an average of 17.8% for shoot fresh weight, 20.9% for root fresh weight, 15.7% for shoot dry weight, and 15.5% for root dry weight”
t0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium increased shoot-N under cold stress by 28.7%.
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- +Mge0
- Outcome
- shoot-Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 28.7%e0
- Comparator
- –Mge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the nutrients uptake also increased on average for shoot-N (28.7%), root-N (22.4%), shoot-P (46.9%), root-P (7.2%), shoot-K (5.4%), root-K (28.9%), shoot-Mg (191.4%), root-Mg (187.2%) under cold stress with +Mg compared to –Mg”
t0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium increased root-N under cold stress by 22.4%.
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- +Mge0
- Outcome
- root-Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22.4%e0
- Comparator
- –Mge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the nutrients uptake also increased on average for shoot-N (28.7%), root-N (22.4%), shoot-P (46.9%), root-P (7.2%), shoot-K (5.4%), root-K (28.9%), shoot-Mg (191.4%), root-Mg (187.2%) under cold stress with +Mg compared to –Mg”
t0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium increased shoot-P under cold stress by 46.9%.
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- +Mge0
- Outcome
- shoot-Pe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 46.9%e0
- Comparator
- –Mge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the nutrients uptake also increased on average for shoot-N (28.7%), root-N (22.4%), shoot-P (46.9%), root-P (7.2%), shoot-K (5.4%), root-K (28.9%), shoot-Mg (191.4%), root-Mg (187.2%) under cold stress with +Mg compared to –Mg”
t0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium increased root-P under cold stress by 7.2%.
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- +Mge0
- Outcome
- root-Pe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.2%e0
- Comparator
- –Mge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the nutrients uptake also increased on average for shoot-N (28.7%), root-N (22.4%), shoot-P (46.9%), root-P (7.2%), shoot-K (5.4%), root-K (28.9%), shoot-Mg (191.4%), root-Mg (187.2%) under cold stress with +Mg compared to –Mg”
t0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium increased shoot-K under cold stress by 5.4%.
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- +Mge0
- Outcome
- shoot-Ke0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.4%e0
- Comparator
- –Mge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the nutrients uptake also increased on average for shoot-N (28.7%), root-N (22.4%), shoot-P (46.9%), root-P (7.2%), shoot-K (5.4%), root-K (28.9%), shoot-Mg (191.4%), root-Mg (187.2%) under cold stress with +Mg compared to –Mg”
t0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium increased root-K under cold stress by 28.9%.
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- +Mge0
- Outcome
- root-Ke0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 28.9%e0
- Comparator
- –Mge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the nutrients uptake also increased on average for shoot-N (28.7%), root-N (22.4%), shoot-P (46.9%), root-P (7.2%), shoot-K (5.4%), root-K (28.9%), shoot-Mg (191.4%), root-Mg (187.2%) under cold stress with +Mg compared to –Mg”
t0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium increased shoot-Mg under cold stress by 191.4%.
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- +Mge0
- Outcome
- shoot-Mge0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 191.4%e0
- Comparator
- –Mge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the nutrients uptake also increased on average for shoot-N (28.7%), root-N (22.4%), shoot-P (46.9%), root-P (7.2%), shoot-K (5.4%), root-K (28.9%), shoot-Mg (191.4%), root-Mg (187.2%) under cold stress with +Mg compared to –Mg”
t0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium increased root-Mg under cold stress by 187.2%.
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- +Mge0
- Outcome
- root-Mge0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 187.2%e0
- Comparator
- –Mge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the nutrients uptake also increased on average for shoot-N (28.7%), root-N (22.4%), shoot-P (46.9%), root-P (7.2%), shoot-K (5.4%), root-K (28.9%), shoot-Mg (191.4%), root-Mg (187.2%) under cold stress with +Mg compared to –Mg”
t0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium increased Pn under cold stress by 24.6%.
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Mg applicatione0
- Outcome
- Pne0
- Direction
- boostede0
- Value
- 24.6%e0
- Comparator
- –Mg treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mg application significantly boosted the photosynthetic activity (Pn 24.6%) and increased the chlorophyll contents ( Chl-a (18.8%), Chl-b (25%), carotenoids (22.2%)) in the leaves under cold stress in comparison with –Mg treatment”
t0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium increased Chl-a under cold stress by 18.8%.
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Mg applicatione0
- Outcome
- Chl-ae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 18.8%e0
- Comparator
- –Mg treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mg application significantly boosted the photosynthetic activity (Pn 24.6%) and increased the chlorophyll contents ( Chl-a (18.8%), Chl-b (25%), carotenoids (22.2%)) in the leaves under cold stress in comparison with –Mg treatment”
t0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium increased Chl-b under cold stress by 25%.
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Mg applicatione0
- Outcome
- Chl-be0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Comparator
- –Mg treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mg application significantly boosted the photosynthetic activity (Pn 24.6%) and increased the chlorophyll contents ( Chl-a (18.8%), Chl-b (25%), carotenoids (22.2%)) in the leaves under cold stress in comparison with –Mg treatment”
t0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium increased carotenoids under cold stress by 22.2%.
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Mg applicatione0
- Outcome
- carotenoidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22.2%e0
- Comparator
- –Mg treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mg application significantly boosted the photosynthetic activity (Pn 24.6%) and increased the chlorophyll contents ( Chl-a (18.8%), Chl-b (25%), carotenoids (22.2%)) in the leaves under cold stress in comparison with –Mg treatment”
t0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium improved tobacco starch by 18.3%.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- Mg applicatione0
- Outcome
- starche0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 18.3%e0
- Comparator
- –Mge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mg application also improved the quality of tobacco, including starch and sucrose contents, on an average of 18.3% and 20.8%, respectively, compared to –Mg”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium improved tobacco sucrose by 20.8%.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- Mg applicatione0
- Outcome
- sucrosee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 20.8%e0
- Comparator
- –Mge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mg application also improved the quality of tobacco, including starch and sucrose contents, on an average of 18.3% and 20.8%, respectively, compared to –Mg”
Claim · model-written summary
Tobacco performance was optimum with magnesium at 16°C.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- +Mg treatmente0
- Outcome
- tobacco performancee0
- Direction
- optimume0
- Value
- 16°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tobacco performance was optimum under +Mg treatment at 16°C”
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