Abstract
Commelina communis stomata closed within 1 h of transferring intact plants from 27 degrees C to 7 degrees C, whereas tobacco (Nicotiana rustica) stomata did not until the leaves wilted. Abscisic acid (ABA) did not mediate cold-induced C. communis stomatal closure: At low temperatures, bulk leaf ABA did not increase; ABA did not preferentially accumulate in the epidermis; its flux into detached leaves was lower; its release from isolated epidermis was not greater; and stomata in epidermal strips were less sensitive to exogenous ABA. Stomata of both species in epidermal strips on large volumes of cold KCl failed to close unless calcium was supplied. Therefore, the following cannot be triggers for cold-induced stomatal closure in C. communis: direct effects of temperature on guard or epidermal cells, long-distance signals, and effects of temperature on photosynthesis. Low temperature increased stomatal sensitivity to external CaCl(2) by 50% in C. communis but only by 20% in tobacco. C. communis stomata were 300- to 1,000-fold more sensitive to calcium at low temperature than tobacco stomata, but tobacco epidermis only released 13.6-fold more calcium into bathing solutions than C. communis. Stomata in C. communis epidermis incubated on ever-decreasing volumes of cold calcium-free KCl closed on the lowest volume (0.2 cm(3)) because the epidermal apoplast contained enough calcium to mediate closure if this was not over diluted. We propose that the basis of cold-induced stomatal closure exhibited by intact C. communis leaves is increased apoplastic calcium uptake by guard cells. Such responses do not occur in chill-sensitive tobacco leaves.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Commelina communis stomata closed within 1 h after transfer from 27 degrees C to 7 degrees C.
- Taxon
- Commelina communis
Commelina communise0 - Treatment
- transferring intact plants from 27 degrees C to 7 degrees Ce0
- Outcome
- stomata closede0
- Direction
- closede0
- Value
- within 1 he0
- Comparator
- 27 degrees Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Commelina communis stomata closed within 1 h of transferring intact plants from 27 degrees C to 7 degrees C”
Claim · model-written summary
Tobacco stomata did not close under cold exposure until leaves wilted.
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana rustica)
_(Solanaceae)_Plant.JPG?width=60)
Nicotiana rusticae0 - Outcome
- stomata did not until the leaves wiltede0
- Qualifier
- until the leaves wiltede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Solanaceae)_Plant.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“tobacco (Nicotiana rustica) stomata did not until the leaves wilted”
t0“Cold-Sensitive Tobacco Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulk leaf ABA did not increase at low temperatures in Commelina communis.
- Taxon
- Commelina communis LeavesCommelina communist0
- Treatment
- low temperaturese0
- Outcome
- bulk leaf ABAe0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At low temperatures, bulk leaf ABA did not increase”
t0“Commelina communis Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA did not preferentially accumulate in the epidermis under cold conditions.
- Taxon
- Commelina communis LeavesCommelina communist0
- Organ / stage
- epidermise0
- Outcome
- ABA did not preferentially accumulate in the epidermise0
- Direction
- did not preferentially accumulatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA did not preferentially accumulate in the epidermis”
t0“Commelina communis Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA flux into detached leaves was lower under cold conditions.
- Taxon
- Commelina communis LeavesCommelina communist0
- Organ / stage
- detached leavese0
- Outcome
- flux into detached leavese0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its flux into detached leaves was lower”
t0“Commelina communis Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA release from isolated epidermis was not greater under cold conditions.
- Taxon
- Commelina communis LeavesCommelina communist0
- Organ / stage
- isolated epidermise0
- Outcome
- release from isolated epidermise0
- Direction
- not greatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its release from isolated epidermis was not greater”
t0“Commelina communis Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomata in epidermal strips were less sensitive to exogenous ABA at low temperature.
- Taxon
- Commelina communis LeavesCommelina communist0
- Organ / stage
- epidermal stripse0
- Outcome
- stomata in epidermal strips were less sensitive to exogenous ABAe0
- Direction
- less sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stomata in epidermal strips were less sensitive to exogenous ABA”
t0“Commelina communis Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomata of both species in epidermal strips on cold KCl failed to close without supplied calcium.
- Taxon
- both speciese0
- Treatment
- large volumes of cold KCle0
- Outcome
- Stomata of both species in epidermal strips on large volumes of cold KCl failed to closee0
- Qualifier
- unless calcium was suppliede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Stomata of both species in epidermal strips on large volumes of cold KCl failed to close unless calcium was supplied”
t0“Commelina communis Leaves But Not in Cold-Sensitive Tobacco Leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature increased Commelina communis stomatal sensitivity to external CaCl(2) by 50%.
- Taxon
- C. communisCommelina communise0
- Treatment
- Low temperaturee0
- Outcome
- stomatal sensitivity to external CaCl(2)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature increased stomatal sensitivity to external CaCl(2) by 50% in C. communis”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature increased tobacco stomatal sensitivity to external CaCl(2) by 20%.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Treatment
- Low temperaturee1
- Outcome
- stomatal sensitivity to external CaCl(2)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 20%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but only by 20% in tobacco”
e1“Low temperature increased stomatal sensitivity to external CaCl(2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Commelina communis stomata were 300- to 1,000-fold more sensitive to calcium at low temperature than tobacco stomata.
- Taxon
- C. communisCommelina communise0
- Outcome
- stomata were 300- to 1,000-fold more sensitive to calciume0
- Direction
- more sensitivee0
- Value
- 300- to 1,000-folde0
- Comparator
- tobacco stomatae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. communis stomata were 300- to 1,000-fold more sensitive to calcium at low temperature than tobacco stomata”
Claim · model-written summary
Tobacco epidermis released 13.6-fold more calcium into bathing solutions than Commelina communis epidermis.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Outcome
- calcium into bathing solutionse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 13.6-folde0
- Comparator
- C. communise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tobacco epidermis only released 13.6-fold more calcium into bathing solutions than C. communis”
Claim · model-written summary
Commelina communis stomata closed on 0.2 cm(3) of cold calcium-free KCl, consistent with sufficient apoplastic calcium.
- Taxon
- C. communisCommelina communise0
- Treatment
- cold calcium-free KCle0
- Outcome
- closede0
- Value
- 0.2 cm(3)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stomata in C. communis epidermis incubated on ever-decreasing volumes of cold calcium-free KCl closed on the lowest volume (0.2 cm(3)) because the epidermal apoplast contained enough calcium to mediate closure if this was not over diluted”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that increased apoplastic calcium uptake by guard cells underlies cold-induced stomatal closure in Commelina communis.
- Taxon
- C. communisCommelina communise0
- Outcome
- cold-induced stomatal closuree0
- Qualifier
- increased apoplastic calcium uptake by guard cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We propose that the basis of cold-induced stomatal closure exhibited by intact C. communis leaves is increased apoplastic calcium uptake by guard cells”
The same questions in other papers
cold · molecular: metabolites · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.