Abstract
Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Pch) is one of the main pathogens causing Petri disease, a grapevine trunk disease responsible for the decline and mortality of grapevines within a few years after planting. Phaeomoniella chlamydospora has been shown to be prevalent in asymptomatic grapevine nursery material, leading to the hypothesis that it may act as a latent pathogen, transitioning from an endophytic to a pathogenic phase under grapevine stress. To investigate this hypothesis, a two-year greenhouse and a four-year field experiment were conducted on young self-rooted ‘Merlot’, and ‘Merlot’ grafted onto ‘SO4’ rootstock, artificially inoculated with different spore concentrations of Pch and subjected to water stress. Additionally, the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Rhizophagus irregularis was inoculated in the soil in the greenhouse experiment to investigate its effects on abiotic stress mitigation and thus, disease development in water stressed and non-stressed grapevines. DNA was extracted from the grapevine wood, and Droplet Digital™ PCR was conducted to determine Pch abundance before and after the experiments. In the greenhouse, Pch abundance in inoculated grapevines was greater in water stressed grapevines treated with AM than in stressed grapevines without AM or in non-stressed grapevines. Basal necrosis was greater in grapevines inoculated with Pch. In the field, Pch abundance was not affected by water stress, but basal necrosis was greater in grapevines inoculated with a high spore concentration of the fungus. Symptoms resembling Petri disease developed in the third year of the field experiment, where water stress increased grapevine mortality. This study shows that water stress may increase Pch abundance and mortality in young grapevines within the first few years after planting.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
In the greenhouse, Pch abundance was greater in water-stressed grapevines treated with AM than in stressed grapevines without AM or in non-stressed grapevines.
- Treatment
- water stressed grapevines treated with AMe1
- Interactor
- Pche1pathogen
- Second interactor
- AMe1symbiont
- Outcome
- Pch abundancee1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- stressed grapevines without AMe1
VitisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the greenhouse, Pch abundance in inoculated grapevines was greater in water stressed grapevines treated with AM than in stressed grapevines without AM or in non-stressed grapevines”
e0“Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Pch) is one of the main pathogens causing Petri disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Basal necrosis was greater in grapevines inoculated with Pch.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Basal necrosis was greater in grapevines inoculated with Pch”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, Pch abundance was not affected by water stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the greenhouse, Pch abundance in inoculated grapevines was greater in water stressed grapevines treated with AM than in stressed grapevines without AM or in non-stressed grapevines”
e3“In the field, Pch abundance was not affected by water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, basal necrosis was greater in grapevines inoculated with a high spore concentration.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“basal necrosis was greater in grapevines inoculated with a high spore concentration of the fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
Symptoms resembling Petri disease developed in grapevines in the third year of the field experiment.
- Outcome
- Symptoms resembling Petri diseasee5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Symptoms resembling Petri disease developed in the third year of the field experiment”
e6“where water stress increased grapevine mortality”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress increased grapevine mortality in the field.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“where water stress increased grapevine mortality”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress may increase Pch abundance and mortality in young grapevines within the first years after planting.
Verbatim
e7“This study shows that water stress may increase Pch abundance and mortality in young grapevines”
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