Abstract
Effective preventive measures and therapies are lacking for control of Pierce’s disease of grape caused by the xylem-colonizing bacterium Xylella fastidiosa responsible for serious losses in grape production. In this study we explored the potential for endophytic bacteria to alter the disease process. While most endophytic bacteria found within grape did not grow or multiply when inoculated into mature grape vines, Paraburkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN achieved population sizes as large as 10 6 cells/g and moved 1 m or more within 4 weeks after inoculation into vines. While X. fastidiosa achieved large population sizes and moved extensively in grape when inoculated alone, few viable cells were recovered from plants in which it was co-inoculated with strain PsJN and the incidence of leaves exhibiting scorching symptoms typical of Pierce’s disease was consistently greatly reduced from that in control plants. Suppression of disease symptoms occurred not only when strain PsJN was co-inoculated with the pathogen by puncturing stems in the same site in plants, but also when inoculated at the same time but at different sites in the plant. Large population sizes of strain PsJN could be established in both leaf lamina and petioles by topical application of cell suspensions in 0.2% of an organo-silicon surfactant conferring low surface tension, and such treatments were as effective as direct puncture inoculations of this biocontrol strain in reducing disease severity. While inoculation of strain PsJN into plants by either method at the same time as or even 4 weeks after that of the pathogen resulted in large reductions in disease severity, much less disease control was conferred by inoculation of PsJN 4 weeks prior to that of the pathogen. The expression of grapevine PR1 and ETR1 within 3 weeks of inoculation was substantially higher in plants inoculated with both X. fastidiosa and strain PsJN compared with that in plants inoculated only with the pathogen or strain PsJN, suggesting that this biological control agent reduces disease by priming expression of innate disease resistance pathways in plants that otherwise would have exhibited minimal responses to the pathogen. Strain PsJN thus appears highly efficacious for the control of Pierce’s disease when used as an eradicant treatment that can be easily made even by spray application.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Most endophytic bacteria found within grape did not grow or multiply when inoculated into mature grape vines.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“most endophytic bacteria found within grape did not grow or multiply when inoculated into mature grape vines”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraburkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN reached population sizes as large as 10 6 cells/g in inoculated grape vines.
- Taxon
- Grapet0
- Interactor
- Paraburkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJNParaburkholderia phytofirmanse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- population sizese0
- Value
- 10 6 cells/ge0
Verbatim
t0“Grape”
e0“Paraburkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN achieved population sizes as large as 10 6 cells/g”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain PsJN moved 1 m or more within 4 weeks after inoculation into grape vines.
Verbatim
t0“Grape”
e0“Paraburkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN achieved population sizes as large as 10 6 cells/g and moved 1 m or more within 4 weeks after inoculation into vines”
Claim · model-written summary
When inoculated alone, X. fastidiosa achieved large population sizes and moved extensively in grape.
- Taxon
- grapee0
- Interactor
- X. fastidiosa
Xylella fastidiosae0pathogen - Outcome
- large population sizes and moved extensivelye0
- Qualifier
- inoculated alonee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“X. fastidiosa achieved large population sizes and moved extensively in grape when inoculated alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Few viable X. fastidiosa cells were recovered from grape plants co-inoculated with strain PsJN, compared with X. fastidiosa inoculated alone.
- Taxon
- grapee0
- Treatment
- co-inoculated with strain PsJNe0
- Interactor
- X. fastidiosaXylella fastidiosae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- strain PsJNe0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- viable cellse0
- Direction
- fewe0
- Comparator
- inoculated alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“X. fastidiosa achieved large population sizes and moved extensively in grape when inoculated alone, few viable cells were recovered from plants in which it was co-inoculated with strain PsJN and the incidence of leaves exhibiting scorching symptoms typical of Pierce’s disease was consistently greatly reduced from that in control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The incidence of grape leaves with scorching symptoms typical of Pierce’s disease was consistently greatly reduced by co-inoculation with strain PsJN compared with control plants.
- Taxon
- grapee0
- Treatment
- co-inoculated with strain PsJNe0
- Interactor
- X. fastidiosaXylella fastidiosae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- strain PsJNe0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- incidence of leaves exhibiting scorching symptomse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“X. fastidiosa achieved large population sizes and moved extensively in grape when inoculated alone, few viable cells were recovered from plants in which it was co-inoculated with strain PsJN and the incidence of leaves exhibiting scorching symptoms typical of Pierce’s disease was consistently greatly reduced from that in control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease symptom suppression occurred both when strain PsJN was co-inoculated with the pathogen at the same site and when inoculated at the same time at different sites in the plant.
- Taxon
- Grapet0
- Treatment
- strain PsJN was co-inoculated with the pathogen by puncturing stems in the same site in plantse0
- Interactor
- pathogene0pathogen
- Second interactor
- strain PsJNe0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease symptomse0
- Direction
- Suppressione0
- Qualifier
- also when inoculated at the same time but at different sites in the plante0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Grape”
e0“Suppression of disease symptoms occurred not only when strain PsJN was co-inoculated with the pathogen by puncturing stems in the same site in plants, but also when inoculated at the same time but at different sites in the plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Large population sizes of strain PsJN were established in both leaf lamina and petioles by topical application of cell suspensions in 0.2% organo-silicon surfactant.
- Taxon
- Grapet0
- Organ / stage
- leaf lamina and petiolese0
- Treatment
- topical application of cell suspensions in 0.2% of an organo-silicon surfactante0
- Interactor
- strain PsJNe0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Large population sizese0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Grape”
e0“Large population sizes of strain PsJN could be established in both leaf lamina and petioles by topical application of cell suspensions in 0.2% of an organo-silicon surfactant”
Claim · model-written summary
Topical application of strain PsJN was as effective as direct puncture inoculation in reducing disease severity.
Verbatim
t0“Grape”
e0“topical application of cell suspensions in 0.2% of an organo-silicon surfactant conferring low surface tension, and such treatments were as effective as direct puncture inoculations of this biocontrol strain in reducing disease severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculating strain PsJN at the same time as or even 4 weeks after the pathogen resulted in large reductions in disease severity.
- Taxon
- Grapet0
- Treatment
- inoculation of strain PsJN into plants by either method at the same time as or even 4 weeks after that of the pathogene0
- Interactor
- pathogene0pathogen
- Second interactor
- strain PsJNe0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- large reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Grape”
e0“inoculation of strain PsJN into plants by either method at the same time as or even 4 weeks after that of the pathogen resulted in large reductions in disease severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Much less disease control was conferred when PsJN was inoculated 4 weeks prior to the pathogen.
- Taxon
- Grapet0
- Treatment
- inoculation of PsJN 4 weeks prior to that of the pathogene0
- Interactor
- pathogene0pathogen
- Second interactor
- PsJNe0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease controle0
- Direction
- much lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Grape”
e0“much less disease control was conferred by inoculation of PsJN 4 weeks prior to that of the pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of grapevine PR1 and ETR1 within 3 weeks of inoculation was substantially higher in plants inoculated with both X. fastidiosa and strain PsJN than in plants inoculated only with the pathogen or strain PsJN.
- Treatment
- plants inoculated with both X. fastidiosa and strain PsJNe0
- Interactor
- X. fastidiosaXylella fastidiosae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- strain PsJNe0biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- grapevine PR1 and ETR1e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- within 3 weeks of inoculatione0
- Comparator
- plants inoculated only with the pathogen or strain PsJNe0
VitisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of grapevine PR1 and ETR1 within 3 weeks of inoculation was substantially higher in plants inoculated with both X. fastidiosa and strain PsJN compared with that in plants inoculated only with the pathogen or strain PsJN”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest the biological control agent reduces disease by priming expression of innate disease resistance pathways in plants that otherwise would show minimal responses to the pathogen.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Interactor
- biological control agente0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- reduces diseasee0
- Qualifier
- priming expression of innate disease resistance pathwayse0
Verbatim
e0“this biological control agent reduces disease by priming expression of innate disease resistance pathways in plants that otherwise would have exhibited minimal responses to the pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain PsJN appears highly efficacious for control of Pierce’s disease when used as an eradicant treatment, and can be applied by spray.
Verbatim
t0“Grape”
e0“Strain PsJN thus appears highly efficacious for the control of Pierce’s disease when used as an eradicant treatment”
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See all 67 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.