Abstract
Field studies were conducted in the North China Plain (NCP) during the 2023–2024 season to investigate the vertical microclimate, yield, and yield-related characteristics of winter wheat during the grain-filling stage under no-till direct seeding and conventional tillage. The aim was to compare the differences in microclimate between the two tillage methods in wheat fields and the impact of microclimate on yield. The results indicated that, compared to conventional tillage, no-till direct seeding reduced the air temperature and increased the relative humidity of the air at 20 cm and 100 cm above the ground during the wheat grain-filling period. The soil moisture content at 20 cm below the ground under no-till direct seeding was higher than under conventional tillage during the early grain-filling stage. Seven days before the wheat harvest, the dry weight per plant and the dry weight per spike were significantly greater under no-till direct seeding than under conventional tillage. Consequently, the thousand-grain weight of no-till direct seeding was significantly higher than that of conventional tillage, with an increase of 7.9%. The number of wheat sterile spikelets under no-till direct seeding was significantly lower than that under conventional tillage. Furthermore, the number of grains per spike was higher than that of conventional tillage. Although the number of harvested spikes under no-till direct seeding was 10.8% lower than under conventional tillage, the increase in thousand-grain weight and the number of grains per spike compensated for the reduced number of harvested spikes. As a result, the grain yield of winter wheat under no-till direct seeding was higher than that of conventional tillage, increasing by 2.7%. Therefore, adopting no-till direct seeding in the NCP is conducive to increasing winter wheat production and efficiency, as well as supporting sustainable agricultural development.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
No till direct seeding reduced air temperature.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- no-till direct seedinge0
- Outcome
- air temperaturee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
- Setting
- 20 cm and 100 cm above the grounde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared to conventional tillage, no-till direct seeding reduced the air temperature and increased the relative humidity of the air at 20 cm and 100 cm above the ground during the wheat grain-filling period”
Claim · model-written summary
No till direct seeding increased relative air humidity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- no-till direct seedinge0
- Outcome
- relative humidity of the aire0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
- Setting
- 20 cm and 100 cm above the grounde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared to conventional tillage, no-till direct seeding reduced the air temperature and increased the relative humidity of the air at 20 cm and 100 cm above the ground during the wheat grain-filling period”
Claim · model-written summary
No till direct seeding increased early grain filling soil moisture.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- no-till direct seedinge0
- Outcome
- soil moisture contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- early grain-filling stagee0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil moisture content at 20 cm below the ground under no-till direct seeding was higher than under conventional tillage during the early grain-filling stage”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant dry weight was significantly greater seven days before harvest.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- no-till direct seedinge0
- Outcome
- dry weight per plante0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seven days before the wheat harvest, the dry weight per plant and the dry weight per spike were significantly greater under no-till direct seeding than under conventional tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Spike dry weight was significantly greater seven days before harvest.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- no-till direct seedinge0
- Outcome
- dry weight per spikee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seven days before the wheat harvest, the dry weight per plant and the dry weight per spike were significantly greater under no-till direct seeding than under conventional tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Thousand grain weight increased 7.9% with no till seeding.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- no-till direct seedinge0
- Outcome
- thousand-grain weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 7.9%e0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the thousand-grain weight of no-till direct seeding was significantly higher than that of conventional tillage, with an increase of 7.9%”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
No till seeding significantly reduced sterile spikelets.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- no-till direct seedinge0
- Outcome
- sterile spikeletse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of wheat sterile spikelets under no-till direct seeding was significantly lower than that under conventional tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
No till seeding increased grains per spike.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- number of grains per spikee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of grains per spike was higher than that of conventional tillage”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
No till seeding reduced harvested spikes by 10.8%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- no-till direct seedinge0
- Outcome
- number of harvested spikese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 10.8%e0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of harvested spikes under no-till direct seeding was 10.8% lower than under conventional tillage”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher grain weight and grains per spike compensated for fewer harvested spikes.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- reduced number of harvested spikese0
- Qualifier
- increase in thousand-grain weight and the number of grains per spikee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increase in thousand-grain weight and the number of grains per spike compensated for the reduced number of harvested spikes”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
No till seeding increased winter wheat grain yield by 2.7%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- no-till direct seedinge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.7%e0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the grain yield of winter wheat under no-till direct seeding was higher than that of conventional tillage, increasing by 2.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend no till seeding for winter wheat production in the NCP.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- increasing winter wheat production and efficiencye0
- Setting
- NCPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adopting no-till direct seeding in the NCP is conducive to increasing winter wheat production and efficiency, as well as supporting sustainable agricultural development”
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