Abstract
Introduction Drought stress severely hampers seedling growth and root architecture, resulting in yield penalties. Seed priming is a promising approach to tolerate drought stress for stand establishment and root development. Methods Here, various seed priming treatments, viz ., hydro priming, ascorbic acid priming (AsA), and spermidine priming (Spd), were adopted concerning root morphological, physiological, microstructural, and molecular studies under drought stress on rice variety Hanyou 73. Results and discussion Results demonstrated that drought severely suppressed seedling establishment, while AsA or Spd priming effectively alleviated the inhibitory effects of drought stress, and significantly increased shoot length (24.5-27.9%), root length (34.6-38.8%), shoot dry weight (56.1-97.1%), root dry weight (39.6-40.6%), total root length (47.0-57.8%), surface area (77.0-84.9%), root volume (106.5-109.8%), average diameter (16.4-19.7%), and root tips (46.8-61.1%); meanwhile, priming with AsA or Spd alleviated microscopic and ultrastructural damage from root cell, and improved root activity (183.8-192.0%). The mitigating effects of AsA or Spd priming on drought stress were primarily responsible for decreasing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species by increasing antioxidants activities and osmoprotectants contents, which reduced oxidative stress and osmotic cell potential and facilitated improved water and nutrients absorption in roots. Additionally, seed priming with AsA or Spd substantially improved auxin synthesis by upregulating of OsYUC7 , OsYUC11 and, OsCOW1 expression. However, there were certain differences in the defense responses of plants and mechanisms of reducing the damage of drought stress after seed treatment with AsA or Spd. Under stress conditions, AsA had a greater impact on improving the fresh and dry weight of aboveground parts, while Spd affected the concentration of total sugar and total protein in plants. Likewise, the degree of oxidative damage was lowered, and POD and CAT activities were elevated due to Spd priming under water-deficient conditions.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
AsA or Spd priming significantly increased shoot length by 24.5-27.9% under drought.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- Hanyou 73e0
- Treatment
- AsA or Spd priminge1
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 24.5-27.9%e2
- Comparator
- drought stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“root growth of rice under drought stress”
e0“rice variety Hanyou 73”
e1“AsA or Spd priming effectively alleviated the inhibitory effects of drought stress”
e2“significantly increased shoot length (24.5-27.9%), root length (34.6-38.8%), shoot dry weight (56.1-97.1%), root dry weight (39.6-40.6%), total root length (47.0-57.8%), surface area (77.0-84.9%), root volume (106.5-109.8%), average diameter (16.4-19.7%), and root tips (46.8-61.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA or Spd priming significantly increased root length by 34.6-38.8% under drought.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Hanyou 73e0
- Treatment
- AsA or Spd priminge1
- Outcome
- root lengthe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 34.6-38.8%e2
- Comparator
- drought stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“root growth of rice under drought stress”
e0“rice variety Hanyou 73”
e1“AsA or Spd priming effectively alleviated the inhibitory effects of drought stress”
e2“significantly increased shoot length (24.5-27.9%), root length (34.6-38.8%), shoot dry weight (56.1-97.1%), root dry weight (39.6-40.6%), total root length (47.0-57.8%), surface area (77.0-84.9%), root volume (106.5-109.8%), average diameter (16.4-19.7%), and root tips (46.8-61.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA or Spd priming significantly increased shoot dry weight by 56.1-97.1% under drought.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Hanyou 73e0
- Treatment
- AsA or Spd priminge1
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 56.1-97.1%e2
- Comparator
- drought stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“root growth of rice under drought stress”
e0“rice variety Hanyou 73”
e1“AsA or Spd priming effectively alleviated the inhibitory effects of drought stress”
e2“significantly increased shoot length (24.5-27.9%), root length (34.6-38.8%), shoot dry weight (56.1-97.1%), root dry weight (39.6-40.6%), total root length (47.0-57.8%), surface area (77.0-84.9%), root volume (106.5-109.8%), average diameter (16.4-19.7%), and root tips (46.8-61.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA or Spd priming significantly increased root dry weight by 39.6-40.6% under drought.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Hanyou 73e0
- Treatment
- AsA or Spd priminge1
- Outcome
- root dry weighte2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 39.6-40.6%e2
- Comparator
- drought stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“root growth of rice under drought stress”
e0“rice variety Hanyou 73”
e1“AsA or Spd priming effectively alleviated the inhibitory effects of drought stress”
e2“significantly increased shoot length (24.5-27.9%), root length (34.6-38.8%), shoot dry weight (56.1-97.1%), root dry weight (39.6-40.6%), total root length (47.0-57.8%), surface area (77.0-84.9%), root volume (106.5-109.8%), average diameter (16.4-19.7%), and root tips (46.8-61.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA or Spd priming significantly increased total root length by 47.0-57.8% under drought.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Hanyou 73e0
- Treatment
- AsA or Spd priminge1
- Outcome
- total root lengthe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 47.0-57.8%e2
- Comparator
- drought stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“root growth of rice under drought stress”
e0“rice variety Hanyou 73”
e1“AsA or Spd priming effectively alleviated the inhibitory effects of drought stress”
e2“significantly increased shoot length (24.5-27.9%), root length (34.6-38.8%), shoot dry weight (56.1-97.1%), root dry weight (39.6-40.6%), total root length (47.0-57.8%), surface area (77.0-84.9%), root volume (106.5-109.8%), average diameter (16.4-19.7%), and root tips (46.8-61.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA or Spd priming significantly increased root surface area by 77.0-84.9% under drought.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Hanyou 73e0
- Treatment
- AsA or Spd priminge1
- Outcome
- surface areae2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 77.0-84.9%e2
- Comparator
- drought stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“root growth of rice under drought stress”
e0“rice variety Hanyou 73”
e1“AsA or Spd priming effectively alleviated the inhibitory effects of drought stress”
e2“significantly increased shoot length (24.5-27.9%), root length (34.6-38.8%), shoot dry weight (56.1-97.1%), root dry weight (39.6-40.6%), total root length (47.0-57.8%), surface area (77.0-84.9%), root volume (106.5-109.8%), average diameter (16.4-19.7%), and root tips (46.8-61.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA or Spd priming significantly increased root volume by 106.5-109.8% under drought.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Hanyou 73e0
- Treatment
- AsA or Spd priminge1
- Outcome
- root volumee2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 106.5-109.8%e2
- Comparator
- drought stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“root growth of rice under drought stress”
e0“rice variety Hanyou 73”
e1“AsA or Spd priming effectively alleviated the inhibitory effects of drought stress”
e2“significantly increased shoot length (24.5-27.9%), root length (34.6-38.8%), shoot dry weight (56.1-97.1%), root dry weight (39.6-40.6%), total root length (47.0-57.8%), surface area (77.0-84.9%), root volume (106.5-109.8%), average diameter (16.4-19.7%), and root tips (46.8-61.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA or Spd priming significantly increased average root diameter by 16.4-19.7% under drought.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Hanyou 73e0
- Treatment
- AsA or Spd priminge1
- Outcome
- average diametere2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 16.4-19.7%e2
- Comparator
- drought stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“root growth of rice under drought stress”
e0“rice variety Hanyou 73”
e1“AsA or Spd priming effectively alleviated the inhibitory effects of drought stress”
e2“significantly increased shoot length (24.5-27.9%), root length (34.6-38.8%), shoot dry weight (56.1-97.1%), root dry weight (39.6-40.6%), total root length (47.0-57.8%), surface area (77.0-84.9%), root volume (106.5-109.8%), average diameter (16.4-19.7%), and root tips (46.8-61.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA or Spd priming significantly increased root tips by 46.8-61.1% under drought.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Hanyou 73e0
- Treatment
- AsA or Spd priminge1
- Outcome
- root tipse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 46.8-61.1%e2
- Comparator
- drought stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“root growth of rice under drought stress”
e0“rice variety Hanyou 73”
e1“AsA or Spd priming effectively alleviated the inhibitory effects of drought stress”
e2“significantly increased shoot length (24.5-27.9%), root length (34.6-38.8%), shoot dry weight (56.1-97.1%), root dry weight (39.6-40.6%), total root length (47.0-57.8%), surface area (77.0-84.9%), root volume (106.5-109.8%), average diameter (16.4-19.7%), and root tips (46.8-61.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA or Spd priming improved root activity by 183.8-192.0% under drought.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Hanyou 73e0
- Treatment
- AsA or Spd priminge1
- Outcome
- root activitye3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 183.8-192.0%e3
- Comparator
- drought stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“root growth of rice under drought stress”
e0“rice variety Hanyou 73”
e1“AsA or Spd priming effectively alleviated the inhibitory effects of drought stress”
e3“improved root activity (183.8-192.0%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought severely suppressed rice seedling establishment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- droughte4
- Outcome
- seedling establishmente4
- Direction
- suppressede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“root growth of rice under drought stress”
e4“drought severely suppressed seedling establishment”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA or Spd priming alleviated the inhibitory effects of drought stress on rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AsA or Spd priminge1
- Outcome
- inhibitory effects of drought stresse1
- Direction
- alleviatede1
- Comparator
- drought stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“root growth of rice under drought stress”
e1“AsA or Spd priming effectively alleviated the inhibitory effects of drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA or Spd priming mitigated drought by decreasing reactive oxygen species accumulation, which the authors attribute to higher antioxidant activity and osmoprotectant content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AsA or Spd priminge5
- Outcome
- accumulation of reactive oxygen speciese5
- Qualifier
- by increasing antioxidants activities and osmoprotectants contentse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“root growth of rice under drought stress”
e5“The mitigating effects of AsA or Spd priming on drought stress were primarily responsible for decreasing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species by increasing antioxidants activities and osmoprotectants contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with AsA or Spd improved auxin synthesis by upregulating OsYUC7, OsYUC11 and OsCOW1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- seed priming with AsA or Spde6
- Gene
- OsYUC7 , OsYUC11 and, OsCOW1e6
- Outcome
- auxin synthesise6
- Direction
- improvede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“root growth of rice under drought stress”
e6“seed priming with AsA or Spd substantially improved auxin synthesis by upregulating of OsYUC7 , OsYUC11 and, OsCOW1 expression”
Claim · model-written summary
Under stress, AsA priming had a greater impact than Spd on improving fresh and dry weight of aboveground parts.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- aboveground partse1
- Treatment
- AsAe1
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weight of aboveground partse1
- Direction
- improvinge1
- Comparator
- Spde2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“root growth of rice under drought stress”
e1“Under stress conditions, AsA had a greater impact on improving the fresh and dry weight of aboveground parts”
e2“while Spd affected the concentration of total sugar and total protein in plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd priming affected the concentration of total sugar and total protein in rice, compared with AsA.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Spde2
- Outcome
- concentration of total sugar and total proteine2
- Comparator
- AsAe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“root growth of rice under drought stress”
e1“Under stress conditions, AsA had a greater impact on improving the fresh and dry weight of aboveground parts”
e2“while Spd affected the concentration of total sugar and total protein in plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd priming elevated POD and CAT activities in rice under water-deficient conditions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Spd priminge1
- Outcome
- POD and CAT activitiese1
- Direction
- elevatede1
- Qualifier
- under water-deficient conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“root growth of rice under drought stress”
e1“the degree of oxidative damage was lowered, and POD and CAT activities were elevated due to Spd priming under water-deficient conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Spd priming lowered the degree of oxidative damage in rice under water deficit.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Spd priminge1
- Outcome
- degree of oxidative damagee1
- Direction
- lowerede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“root growth of rice under drought stress”
e1“the degree of oxidative damage was lowered, and POD and CAT activities were elevated due to Spd priming under water-deficient conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA or Spd priming alleviated microscopic and ultrastructural damage to rice root cells under drought.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AsA or Spde1
- Outcome
- microscopic and ultrastructural damage from root celle1
- Direction
- alleviatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“root growth of rice under drought stress”
e1“priming with AsA or Spd alleviated microscopic and ultrastructural damage from root cell”
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See all 31 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.