Paper · 2024 · Plants

Exploring the Influence of Planting Densities and Mulching Types on Photosynthetic Activity, Antioxidant Enzymes, and Chlorophyll Content and Their Relationship to Yield of Maize

Li Zhao; Chang Zhang; Min Liang; et al.

16
claims
36
verbatim quotes
5
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

High-density maize cultivation can enhance yield, but water scarcity on the Loess Plateau may limit this potential. Mulching is a sustainable practice that conserves soil moisture, yet limited studies exist on the combined effects of planting densities and mulching types on maize performance in this region. Over two years, an experiment investigated the effects of mulching (no mulching (NM), plastic film mulching (PM), and straw mulching (SM)) at various densities (60,000 to 90,000 plants ha−1). The results showed that mulching significantly improved grain yield and other metrics compared to NM. PM and SM enhanced yields notably at 75,000 plants ha−1, while NM was more favorable at 67,500 plants ha−1. Physiological responses varied with density, showing a decreased photosynthesis rate alongside an increased transpiration rate. PM exhibited a 32 and 13% increase in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, while malondialdehyde content was reduced by 7% compared to NM. The average of both years indicates that PM significantly increased the grain yield, net photosynthesis rate, and chlorophyll content by 5.8, 26.8, and 26.9%, while SM showed a 3, 12, and 12% increase, respectively, compared to NM. In conclusion, the combination of mulching and optimized planting density could enhance maize cultivation in the Loess Plateau.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 16

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Mulching significantly improved grain yield and other metrics compared with no mulching.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
mulchinge0
Outcome
grain yield and other metricse0
Direction
improvede0
Comparator
NMe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 173–178 · show in text ↑
e0

“mulching significantly improved grain yield and other metrics compared to NM”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 525–601 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Plastic film mulching enhanced yields notably at 75,000 plants ha-1.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
PMe0
Outcome
yieldse0
Direction
enhancede0
Qualifier
75,000 plants ha−1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 173–178 · show in text ↑
e0

“PM and SM enhanced yields notably at 75,000 plants ha−1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 603–658 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Straw mulching enhanced yields notably at 75,000 plants ha-1.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
SMe0
Outcome
yieldse0
Direction
enhancede0
Qualifier
75,000 plants ha−1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 173–178 · show in text ↑
e0

“PM and SM enhanced yields notably at 75,000 plants ha−1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 603–658 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

No mulching was more favorable for yields at 67,500 plants ha-1.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
NMe0
Outcome
yieldse0
Direction
more favorablee0
Qualifier
67,500 plants ha−1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 173–178 · show in text ↑
e0

“PM and SM enhanced yields notably at 75,000 plants ha−1, while NM was more favorable at 67,500 plants ha−1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 603–709 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Photosynthesis rate decreased with planting density.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
densitye0
Outcome
photosynthesis ratee0
Direction
decreasede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 173–178 · show in text ↑
e0

“Physiological responses varied with density, showing a decreased photosynthesis rate alongside an increased transpiration rate”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 711–837 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Transpiration rate increased with planting density.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
densitye0
Outcome
transpiration ratee0
Direction
increasede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 173–178 · show in text ↑
e0

“Physiological responses varied with density, showing a decreased photosynthesis rate alongside an increased transpiration rate”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 711–837 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Plastic film mulching increased catalase activity by 32% compared with no mulching.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
PMe0
Outcome
catalasee0
Direction
increasee0
Value
32e0
Comparator
NMe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 173–178 · show in text ↑
e0

“PM exhibited a 32 and 13% increase in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, while malondialdehyde content was reduced by 7% compared to NM”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 839–985 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Plastic film mulching increased superoxide dismutase activity by 13% compared with no mulching.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
PMe0
Outcome
superoxide dismutase activitiese0
Direction
increasee0
Value
13%e0
Comparator
NMe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 173–178 · show in text ↑
e0

“PM exhibited a 32 and 13% increase in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, while malondialdehyde content was reduced by 7% compared to NM”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 839–985 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Malondialdehyde content was reduced by 7% under plastic film mulching compared with no mulching.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
PMe1
Outcome
malondialdehyde contente0
Direction
reducede0
Value
7%e0
Comparator
NMe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 173–178 · show in text ↑
e0

“malondialdehyde content was reduced by 7% compared to NM”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 929–985 · show in text ↑
e1

“PM exhibited a 32 and 13% increase”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 839–873 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Plastic film mulching significantly increased grain yield by 5.8% compared with no mulching (two-year average).

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
PMe0
Outcome
grain yielde0
Direction
increasede0
Value
5.8e0
Comparator
NMe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 173–178 · show in text ↑
e0

“PM significantly increased the grain yield, net photosynthesis rate, and chlorophyll content by 5.8, 26.8, and 26.9%, while SM showed a 3, 12, and 12% increase, respectively, compared to NM”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1028–1217 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Plastic film mulching significantly increased net photosynthesis rate by 26.8% compared with no mulching (two-year average).

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
PMe0
Outcome
net photosynthesis ratee0
Direction
increasede0
Value
26.8e0
Comparator
NMe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 173–178 · show in text ↑
e0

“PM significantly increased the grain yield, net photosynthesis rate, and chlorophyll content by 5.8, 26.8, and 26.9%, while SM showed a 3, 12, and 12% increase, respectively, compared to NM”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1028–1217 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Plastic film mulching significantly increased chlorophyll content by 26.9% compared with no mulching (two-year average).

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
PMe0
Outcome
chlorophyll contente0
Direction
increasede0
Value
26.9%e0
Comparator
NMe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 173–178 · show in text ↑
e0

“PM significantly increased the grain yield, net photosynthesis rate, and chlorophyll content by 5.8, 26.8, and 26.9%, while SM showed a 3, 12, and 12% increase, respectively, compared to NM”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1028–1217 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Straw mulching increased grain yield by 3% compared with no mulching.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
SMe0
Outcome
grain yielde1
Direction
increasee0
Value
3e0
Comparator
NMe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 173–178 · show in text ↑
e0

“SM showed a 3, 12, and 12% increase, respectively, compared to NM”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1152–1217 · show in text ↑
e1

“PM significantly increased the grain yield, net photosynthesis rate, and chlorophyll content”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1028–1120 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Straw mulching increased net photosynthesis rate by 12% compared with no mulching.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
SMe0
Outcome
net photosynthesis ratee1
Direction
increasee0
Value
12e0
Comparator
NMe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 173–178 · show in text ↑
e0

“SM showed a 3, 12, and 12% increase, respectively, compared to NM”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1152–1217 · show in text ↑
e1

“PM significantly increased the grain yield, net photosynthesis rate, and chlorophyll content”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1028–1120 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Straw mulching increased chlorophyll content by 12% compared with no mulching.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
SMe0
Outcome
chlorophyll contente1
Direction
increasee0
Value
12%e0
Comparator
NMe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 173–178 · show in text ↑
e0

“SM showed a 3, 12, and 12% increase, respectively, compared to NM”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1152–1217 · show in text ↑
e1

“PM significantly increased the grain yield, net photosynthesis rate, and chlorophyll content”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1028–1120 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors conclude that combining mulching with optimized planting density could enhance maize cultivation on the Loess Plateau.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Outcome
enhance maize cultivatione0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 173–178 · show in text ↑
e0

“the combination of mulching and optimized planting density could enhance maize cultivation in the Loess Plateau”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1234–1345 · show in text ↑

mulching · physiology: photosynthesis · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

12 papers: 11 positive, 1 negative or no effect

10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

8 papers more in this group

See all 12 papers →

mulching · physiology: pigments · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

13 papers: 12 positive, 1 negative or no effect

11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
  3. positive

9 papers more in this group

See all 13 papers →

organic · physiology: pigments · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

21 papers: 20 positive, 1 negative or no effect

19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

17 papers more in this group

See all 21 papers →

mulching · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

364 papers: 330 positive, 34 negative or no effect

329 papers in the same direction as this paper · 31 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

360 papers more in this group

See all 364 papers →

organic · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

373 papers: 330 positive, 43 negative or no effect

329 papers in the same direction as this paper · 32 in the opposite direction · 11 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. no effect

369 papers more in this group

See all 373 papers →

mulching · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Zea mays (maize)Results agree

3 papers: 3 positive, 0 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
See all 3 papers →

mulching · physiology: oxidative · Zea mays (maize)Results agree

4 papers: 4 positive, 0 negative or no effect

3 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive
See all 4 papers →

organic · physiology: photosynthesis · Zea mays (maize)Results agree

16 papers: 16 positive, 0 negative or no effect

15 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

12 papers more in this group

See all 16 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.