Abstract
Abstract Crop residues have been considered during the past decade as alternate energy sources to supplement dwindling fossil fuel sources and enhance energy independence in the United States. Agricultural scientists have demonstrated the importance of crop residues in reducing soil erosion, enhancing the soil physical environment for plant growth, and as a reserve for major crop nutrients. In eastern Nebraska, we evaluated the effects of various amounts of surface crop residues (aboveground dry matter remaining after harvest) on dry‐land production of no‐till corn ( Zea mays L.), sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merrill] over a 3‐yr period. Where crop residues were completely removed after harvest, average grain and residue yields of corn and soybean were 22 and 24% lower, respectively, than where residues were not removed. Removal of 50% or addition of 50% (150%) surface crop residues had little or no effect on crop yields compared to no removal (100%). Sorghum yields were unaffected by residue removal, but stands were significantly less at the 150% residue rate. Yield reductions for corn and soybean resulted primarily from decreased soil water storage and excessive surface soil temperatures where residues were completely removed. Sorghum tolerated conditions of temperature and water stress better than other crops. Removal of surface crop residues can seriously reduce corn and soybean yields in climates where stressful conditions occur during the growing season. Considerations for using crop residues as alternate energy sources should include these potential reductions in grain and residue yields, as well as increased nutrient removal and greater potential for soil erosion.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Complete removal of crop residues reduced corn grain and residue yields by 22 percent relative to retained residues.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- crop residues were completely removed after harveste1
- Outcome
- grain and residue yieldse1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- 22e1
- Comparator
- residues were not removede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Where crop residues were completely removed after harvest, average grain and residue yields of corn and soybean were 22 and 24% lower, respectively, than where residues were not removed”
Claim · model-written summary
Complete removal of crop residues reduced soybean grain and residue yields by 24 percent relative to retained residues.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- crop residues were completely removed after harveste1
- Outcome
- grain and residue yieldse1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- 24e1
- Comparator
- residues were not removede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Where crop residues were completely removed after harvest, average grain and residue yields of corn and soybean were 22 and 24% lower, respectively, than where residues were not removed”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing 50 percent or adding 50 percent of surface residues had little or no effect on crop yields compared with no removal.
- Taxon
- Corn, Sorghum, and SoybeanGlycine max
SorghumZea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- Removal of 50% or addition of 50% (150%) surface crop residuese2
- Outcome
- crop yieldse2
- Direction
- little or no effecte2
- Comparator
- no removal (100%)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Removal of 50% or addition of 50% (150%) surface crop residues had little or no effect on crop yields compared to no removal (100%)”
t0“Corn, Sorghum, and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue removal did not change sorghum yields.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Sorghum yields were unaffected by residue removal, but stands were significantly less at the 150% residue rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum stands were significantly lower at the 150 percent residue rate.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Sorghum yields were unaffected by residue removal, but stands were significantly less at the 150% residue rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield reductions for corn and soybean after residue removal resulted mainly from decreased soil water storage and excessive surface soil temperatures.
- Taxon
- corn and soybeanGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse4
- Outcome
- Yield reductionse4
- Qualifier
- decreased soil water storage and excessive surface soil temperaturese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Yield reductions for corn and soybean resulted primarily from decreased soil water storage and excessive surface soil temperatures where residues were completely removed”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum tolerated temperature and water stress better than other crops.
- Treatment
- temperature and water stresse5
- Outcome
- tolerated conditionse5
- Direction
- bettere5
- Comparator
- other cropse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Sorghum tolerated conditions of temperature and water stress better than other crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing surface crop residues can seriously reduce corn and soybean yields in climates with stressful growing seasons.
- Taxon
- corn and soybeanGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse6
- Treatment
- Removal of surface crop residuese6
- Outcome
- yieldse6
- Direction
- reducee6
- Qualifier
- climates where stressful conditions occur during the growing seasone6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Removal of surface crop residues can seriously reduce corn and soybean yields in climates where stressful conditions occur during the growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
Potential reductions in grain and residue yields should be considered when using crop residues as alternate energy sources.
- Taxon
- Corn, Sorghum, and SoybeanGlycine maxSorghumZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- using crop residues as alternate energy sourcese7
- Outcome
- grain and residue yieldse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Considerations for using crop residues as alternate energy sources should include these potential reductions in grain and residue yields”
t0“Corn, Sorghum, and Soybean”
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See all 373 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.