Abstract
Pink bollworm ( Pectinophora gossypiella ) poses a significant threat to cotton crops worldwide, resulting in economic losses surpassing sustainable levels for farmers since 2011. This study examines different approaches to controlling pink bollworm infestations, specifically silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), bio-formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), and a commercial insecticide (Triazophos), in both laboratory and field environments. AgNPs were synthesized using neem plant leaf extract ( Azadirachta indica ). The formation of AgNPs was confirmed through UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and a zeta sizer analyzer. In the laboratory, the effectiveness of individual and combined applications of AgNPs, Bt, and Triazophos was tested against 2 nd and 4 th instar pink bollworm larvae. Mortality rates were measured at 1, 2, and 5 days after application. The results showed that the treatment combining AgNPs and Triazophos (40ppm + 50ppm) achieved a larval mortality rate of over 90%, surpassing the other treatments. In field conditions, the combination of Triazophos and AgNPs at 40ppm (100ml + 50ml) proved most effective in managing P. gossypiella populations. These findings underscore the potential of nanoparticles as efficient larvicidal agents for controlling P. gossypiella . Furthermore, they emphasize the importance of reevaluating past management strategies for cotton crops given emerging alternatives to traditional insecticides. Future research directions may involve further optimizing nanoparticle formulations and investigating their broader ecological impacts on cotton ecosystems.
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Claims 3
Claim · model-written summary
AgNPs plus Triazophos achieved over 90% pink bollworm larval mortality, exceeding other treatments.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume1 - Treatment
- AgNPs and Triazophos (40ppm + 50ppm)e0
- Interactor
- Pectinophora gossypiella
Pectinophora gossypiellae1pest - Outcome
- larval mortality ratee0
- Direction
- surpassinge0
- Value
- over 90%e0
- Comparator
- the other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the treatment combining AgNPs and Triazophos (40ppm + 50ppm) achieved a larval mortality rate of over 90%, surpassing the other treatments”
e1“Pink bollworm ( Pectinophora gossypiella ) poses a significant threat to cotton crops worldwide”
Claim · model-written summary
Triazophos plus AgNPs at 40ppm was most effective against P. gossypiella populations in the field.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- the combination of Triazophos and AgNPs at 40ppm (100ml + 50ml)e0
- Interactor
- P. gossypiellaPectinophora gossypiellae0pest
- Outcome
- P. gossypiella populationse0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In field conditions, the combination of Triazophos and AgNPs at 40ppm (100ml + 50ml) proved most effective in managing P. gossypiella populations.”
e1“cotton crops worldwide”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend reevaluating cotton pest management strategies in light of nanoparticle alternatives.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- reevaluating past management strategiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reevaluating past management strategies for cotton crops given emerging alternatives to traditional insecticides”
The same questions in other papers
Pectinophora gossypiella · pest · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
triazophos · pest · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
infection · pest · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.