Abstract
This paper aims to clarify the effects of different exogenous phytohormones on the physiological traits of rice (Oryza sativa L.) at the early stage of irrigation under low-temperature stress. In this study, two types of rice varieties with different temperature sensitivities screened out previously, namely, a cold-tolerant variety (Nan Jing 9108) and a low-temperature-sensitive variety (Hui Liang You 898), were used in pots to simulate the process of low-temperature stress in rice at the early stage of grouting (6–9 days after anthesis) with artificial low-temperature treatments. The experimental treatments were 450 mg L−1 Methyl jasmine acid (MJ), 46 mg L−1 Melatonin (MT), 69 mg L−1 Salicylate (SA), 40 mg L−1 Erythromycin (GA3), 25 mg L−1 Zeatin (Z), 145 mg L−1 Spermidine (SPD), and 5 mg L−1 Abscisic acid (ABA) sprayed on rice before low-temperature stress, while low-temperature treatment without spraying (DK) and conventional planting without spraying (CK) were added as the control. The results showed that compared with the room temperature control (CK, sprayed with deionized water), the low-temperature control (DK, low-temperature treatment, and sprayed with deionized water) all significantly reduced the rice grain yield. Different exogenous hormones sprayed before low-temperature stress could increase rice yield, among which, Z and SPD spraying treatments had a better effect on the yield of Hui Liang You 898, while different exogenous hormone treatments increased the yield of Nan Jing 9108 in an average manner. The Z and SPD treatments increased the yield of Hui Liang You 898 by 24.87% and 26.16% and that of Nan Jing 9108 by 15.87% and 17.80%, respectively. This was mainly attributed to the significant increase in thousand-grain weight and fruiting rate, while there was no significant difference in the number of spikes and number of grains. The different exogenous hormone treatments were able to delay leaf senescence, enhance the photosynthetic production capacity of plants by increasing leaf chlorophyll content, and thus increase the accumulation of photosynthetic assimilation products and population growth rate after flowering. Among them, both Z and SPD treatments resulted in a population growth rate of more than 30% from spike flushing to maturity, which led to a higher dry matter accumulation of the plant at maturity. In addition, in the dry matter distribution of the plant at maturity, the seeds occupied a higher accumulation amount and proportion compared with the respective DK; the SPD treatment resulted in the maximum distribution rate of seeds at maturity of Hui Liang You 898, with an increase of 8.27%, and the Z treatment resulted in the maximum distribution rate of seeds at maturity of Nan Jing 9108, with an increase of 7.34%. At the same time, the Z treatment significantly increased the activities of adenosine diphosphate glucose phosphorylated enzyme (AGP) and starch branching enzyme (SBE) in the grains of both varieties, which resulted in the accumulation of more starch and ultimately increased the rice grain yield. The results verified that different exogenous phytohormones could be used to regulate the insufficiency of grouting caused by low-temperature stress during the grouting and fruiting stages of rice and enriched their agronomic and physiological traits in response at the same time.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature reduced rice grain yield versus room temperature.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- low-temperature controle0
- Outcome
- rice grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- room temperature controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with the room temperature control (CK, sprayed with deionized water), the low-temperature control (DK, low-temperature treatment, and sprayed with deionized water) all significantly reduced the rice grain yield”
t0“Rice”
t1“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Zeatin increased Hui Liang You 898 yield by 24.87%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Hui Liang You 898e0
- Treatment
- Ze0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24.87%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Z and SPD treatments increased the yield of Hui Liang You 898 by 24.87% and 26.16%”
t0“Rice”
t1“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine increased Hui Liang You 898 yield by 26.16%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Hui Liang You 898e0
- Treatment
- SPDe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 26.16%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Z and SPD treatments increased the yield of Hui Liang You 898 by 24.87% and 26.16%”
t0“Rice”
t1“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Zeatin increased Nan Jing 9108 yield by 15.87%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Nan Jing 9108e0
- Treatment
- Ze0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15.87%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Z and SPD treatments increased the yield of Hui Liang You 898 by 24.87% and 26.16% and that of Nan Jing 9108 by 15.87% and 17.80%, respectively”
t0“Rice”
t1“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine increased Nan Jing 9108 yield by 17.80%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Nan Jing 9108e0
- Treatment
- SPDe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 17.80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Z and SPD treatments increased the yield of Hui Liang You 898 by 24.87% and 26.16% and that of Nan Jing 9108 by 15.87% and 17.80%, respectively”
t0“Rice”
t1“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Hormone treatments significantly increased thousand-grain weight and fruiting rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- exogenous hormonee1
- Outcome
- thousand-grain weight and fruiting ratee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was mainly attributed to the significant increase in thousand-grain weight and fruiting rate”
t0“Rice”
t1“Rice”
e1“The different exogenous hormone treatments were able to delay leaf senescence”
Claim · model-written summary
Spike and grain numbers did not differ significantly.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- number of spikes and number of grainse0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no significant difference in the number of spikes and number of grains”
t0“Rice”
t1“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Hormone treatment delayed leaf senescence.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- different exogenous hormone treatmentse0
- Outcome
- leaf senescencee0
- Direction
- delaye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The different exogenous hormone treatments were able to delay leaf senescence”
t0“Rice”
t1“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Hormone treatment increased leaf chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- exogenous hormonee1
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“by increasing leaf chlorophyll content”
t0“Rice”
t1“Rice”
e1“The different exogenous hormone treatments were able to delay leaf senescence”
Claim · model-written summary
Hormone treatment increased photosynthetic assimilate accumulation and postflowering population growth rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- accumulation of photosynthetic assimilation products and population growth ratee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase the accumulation of photosynthetic assimilation products and population growth rate after flowering”
t0“Rice”
t1“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Z treatment produced population growth exceeding 30% from spike flushing to maturity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Ze0
- Outcome
- population growth ratee0
- Direction
- growthe0
- Value
- more than 30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both Z and SPD treatments resulted in a population growth rate of more than 30% from spike flushing to maturity”
t0“Rice”
t1“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SPD treatment produced population growth exceeding 30% from spike flushing to maturity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SPDe0
- Outcome
- population growth ratee0
- Direction
- growthe0
- Value
- more than 30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both Z and SPD treatments resulted in a population growth rate of more than 30% from spike flushing to maturity”
t0“Rice”
t1“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Hormone treatments increased dry matter accumulation at maturity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which led to a higher dry matter accumulation of the plant at maturity”
t0“Rice”
t1“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed accumulation amount and proportion were higher at maturity than in DK.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- accumulation amount and proportione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- DKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the seeds occupied a higher accumulation amount and proportion compared with the respective DK”
t0“Rice”
t1“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SPD increased the seed distribution rate in Hui Liang You 898 by 8.27%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Hui Liang You 898e0
- Treatment
- SPD treatmente0
- Outcome
- distribution rate of seedse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 8.27%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the SPD treatment resulted in the maximum distribution rate of seeds at maturity of Hui Liang You 898, with an increase of 8.27%”
t0“Rice”
t1“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Z increased the seed distribution rate in Nan Jing 9108 by 7.34%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Nan Jing 9108e0
- Treatment
- Z treatmente0
- Outcome
- distribution rate of seedse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 7.34%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Z treatment resulted in the maximum distribution rate of seeds at maturity of Nan Jing 9108, with an increase of 7.34%”
t0“Rice”
t1“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Z significantly increased AGP and SBE activity in grains of both varieties.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Treatment
- Z treatmente0
- Outcome
- activities of adenosine diphosphate glucose phosphorylated enzyme (AGP) and starch branching enzyme (SBE)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Z treatment significantly increased the activities of adenosine diphosphate glucose phosphorylated enzyme (AGP) and starch branching enzyme (SBE) in the grains of both varieties”
t0“Rice”
t1“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Z treatment increased grain starch accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Ze1
- Outcome
- accumulation of more starche0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which resulted in the accumulation of more starch”
t0“Rice”
t1“Rice”
e1“the Z treatment significantly increased the activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Z treatment increased rice grain yield through starch accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- rice grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and ultimately increased the rice grain yield”
t0“Rice”
t1“Rice”
The same questions in other papers
spermidine · pest · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →spermidine · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
13 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →cold · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 43 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
59 papers more in this group
See all 63 papers →class · quality: postharvest · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.