Abstract
This study assessed the efficacy of chitosan, methyl jasmonate, and silicon in the reduction of disease severity and the induction of defense responses in common bean plants against angular leaf spot caused by Pseudocercospora griseola. The expression level of several pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, PR1, PR2 (β-1,3-glucanase), and PR3 (chitinase), and defense-related enzymes, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, peroxidase, and lipoxygenase, was analyzed at different time points in common bean plants after different treatments. Elicitor treatments significantly reduced disease severity 21 days after inoculation, with silicon at a 2 mM concentration proving most effective with 38.93% disease control, followed by 1 mM MeJA and 2% chitosan, respectively. Treatments with chitosan, methyl jasmonate, and silicon, regardless of pathogen infection, significantly elevated PR1, PR2, and PR3 gene expressions at 48 h after inoculation (hpi). PAL and POD activities were similarly increased following elicitor treatments and pathogen infection, especially at 48 hpi. Chemical elicitors applied post-inoculation induced PR proteins, PAL, and POD enzyme activities at 48 hpi, while LOX activity exhibited a variable fluctuation with treatments. These findings suggested that chemical elicitors, especially silicon, were effective in reducing ALS disease severity in common beans, with improved resistance associated with the expression of pathogen-responsive genes. This study is the first to analyze the expression profiles of defense-related genes in common beans treated with chemical elicitors prior to P. griseola infection.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Elicitors significantly reduced disease severity at 21 days.
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarise1 - Treatment
- Elicitor treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Pseudocercospora griseola
_Figure_19.jpg?width=60)
Pseudocercospora griseolae1pathogen - Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 21 days after inoculatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Figure_19.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Elicitor treatments significantly reduced disease severity 21 days after inoculation”
e1“common bean plants against angular leaf spot caused by Pseudocercospora griseola”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon at 2 mM gave 38.93% disease control, the most effective treatment.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- silicon at a 2 mM concentratione0
- Interactor
- Pseudocercospora griseolaPseudocercospora griseolae1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease controle0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Value
- 38.93%e0
- Comparator
- 1 mM MeJA and 2% chitosane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silicon at a 2 mM concentration proving most effective with 38.93% disease control, followed by 1 mM MeJA and 2% chitosan”
e1“common bean plants against angular leaf spot caused by Pseudocercospora griseola”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan, methyl jasmonate and silicon elevated PR1, PR2 and PR3 expression at 48 hpi.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- chitosan, methyl jasmonate, and silicone0
- Gene
- PR1, PR2, and PR3e0
- Outcome
- PR1, PR2, and PR3 gene expressionse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Qualifier
- 48 h after inoculation (hpi)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with chitosan, methyl jasmonate, and silicon, regardless of pathogen infection, significantly elevated PR1, PR2, and PR3 gene expressions at 48 h after inoculation (hpi).”
e1“in common bean plants against angular leaf spot”
Claim · model-written summary
Elicitor treatment and infection increased PAL and POD activities, especially at 48 hpi.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- elicitor treatmentse0
- Gene
- PAL and PODe0
- Outcome
- PAL and POD activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- especially at 48 hpie0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PAL and POD activities were similarly increased following elicitor treatments and pathogen infection, especially at 48 hpi.”
e1“in common bean plants against angular leaf spot”
Claim · model-written summary
Post inoculation elicitors induced PR proteins, PAL and POD at 48 hpi.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Chemical elicitors applied post-inoculatione0
- Gene
- PR proteins, PAL, and PODe0
- Outcome
- PR proteins, PAL, and POD enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chemical elicitors applied post-inoculation induced PR proteins, PAL, and POD enzyme activities at 48 hpi”
e1“in common bean plants against angular leaf spot”
Claim · model-written summary
LOX activity fluctuated across treatments.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Gene
- LOXe0
- Outcome
- LOX activitye0
- Direction
- variable fluctuatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LOX activity exhibited a variable fluctuation with treatments”
e1“in common bean plants against angular leaf spot”
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