Abstract
ABSTRACT Pollen development and germination are critical for successful generation of offspring in plants, yet they are highly susceptible to heat stress (HS). However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we highlight the essential roles of two mRNA capping enzymes, named Arabidopsis mRNA capping phosphatase (ARCP) 1 and 2, in regulating male and female gamete development. The transmission efficiencies of gametes carrying arcp1 arcp2 from arcp1 +/− arcp2 −/− and arcp1 −/− arcp2 +/− mutants are 30% and zero, respectively. These mutants exhibited a significant increase in misshaped pollen, with germination rates approximately half of those in wild type. ARCP1/2 exhibit RNA triphosphatase and RNA guanylyltransferase activities, which are required for proper pollen development. Through RNA‐seq analysis, genes involved in pollen development/germination and HS response were identified as downregulated genes in pollen from arcp1 +/− arcp2 −/− mutant. Furthermore, ARCP2 protein is degraded under HS condition, and inducing the expression of ARCP2 can increase the pollen germination rate under elevated temperature. We propose that HS triggers the degradation of mRNA capping enzymes, which in turn disrupts the transcriptome that required for pollen development and pollen germination and ultimately leads to male sterility.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Gametes carrying arcp1 arcp2 from arcp1 +/− arcp2 −/− mutants had a transmission efficiency of 30%.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise2 - Gene
- arcp1 arcp2e1
- Outcome
- transmission efficienciese1
- Value
- 30%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“named Arabidopsis mRNA capping phosphatase (ARCP) 1 and 2, in regulating male and female gamete development”
e1“The transmission efficiencies of gametes carrying arcp1 arcp2 from arcp1 +/− arcp2 −/− and arcp1 −/− arcp2 +/− mutants are 30% and zero, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Gametes carrying arcp1 arcp2 from arcp1 −/− arcp2 +/− mutants had a transmission efficiency of zero.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Gene
- arcp1 arcp2e1
- Outcome
- transmission efficienciese1
- Value
- zeroe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“named Arabidopsis mRNA capping phosphatase (ARCP) 1 and 2, in regulating male and female gamete development”
e1“The transmission efficiencies of gametes carrying arcp1 arcp2 from arcp1 +/− arcp2 −/− and arcp1 −/− arcp2 +/− mutants are 30% and zero, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The arcp1 arcp2 mutants showed a significant increase in misshaped pollen.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- mutantse3
- Outcome
- misshaped pollene3
- Direction
- increasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“named Arabidopsis mRNA capping phosphatase (ARCP) 1 and 2, in regulating male and female gamete development”
e3“These mutants exhibited a significant increase in misshaped pollen, with germination rates approximately half of those in wild type”
Claim · model-written summary
Pollen germination rates of the arcp1 arcp2 mutants were about half of wild type.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- mutantse3
- Outcome
- germination ratese3
- Direction
- lowerinferrede3
- Value
- approximately halfe3
- Comparator
- wild typee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“named Arabidopsis mRNA capping phosphatase (ARCP) 1 and 2, in regulating male and female gamete development”
e3“These mutants exhibited a significant increase in misshaped pollen, with germination rates approximately half of those in wild type”
Claim · model-written summary
ARCP1/2 have RNA triphosphatase and RNA guanylyltransferase activities that are required for proper pollen development.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Organ / stage
- pollene4
- Gene
- ARCP1/2e4
- Outcome
- RNA triphosphatase and RNA guanylyltransferase activitiese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“named Arabidopsis mRNA capping phosphatase (ARCP) 1 and 2, in regulating male and female gamete development”
e4“ARCP1/2 exhibit RNA triphosphatase and RNA guanylyltransferase activities, which are required for proper pollen development”
Claim · model-written summary
Genes involved in pollen development, germination and HS response were downregulated in pollen of the arcp1 +/− arcp2 −/− mutant.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Organ / stage
- pollene5
- Outcome
- genes involved in pollen development/germination and HS responsee5
- Direction
- downregulatede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“named Arabidopsis mRNA capping phosphatase (ARCP) 1 and 2, in regulating male and female gamete development”
e5“genes involved in pollen development/germination and HS response were identified as downregulated genes in pollen”
Claim · model-written summary
ARCP2 protein is degraded under heat stress.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- HS conditione6
- Gene
- ARCP2e6
- Outcome
- ARCP2 proteine6
- Direction
- degradede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“named Arabidopsis mRNA capping phosphatase (ARCP) 1 and 2, in regulating male and female gamete development”
e6“ARCP2 protein is degraded under HS condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Inducing ARCP2 expression increases pollen germination rate under elevated temperature.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- inducing the expression of ARCP2e7
- Gene
- ARCP2e7
- Outcome
- pollen germination ratee7
- Direction
- increasee7
- Qualifier
- under elevated temperaturee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“named Arabidopsis mRNA capping phosphatase (ARCP) 1 and 2, in regulating male and female gamete development”
e7“inducing the expression of ARCP2 can increase the pollen germination rate under elevated temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress degrades mRNA capping enzymes, disrupting the transcriptome needed for pollen development and leading to male sterility (proposed).
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Treatment
- HSe0
- Outcome
- male sterilitye0
- Qualifier
- degradation of mRNA capping enzymese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“named Arabidopsis mRNA capping phosphatase (ARCP) 1 and 2, in regulating male and female gamete development”
e0“We propose that HS triggers the degradation of mRNA capping enzymes, which in turn disrupts the transcriptome that required for pollen development and pollen germination and ultimately leads to male sterility”
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See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.