Abstract
Abstract Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of different sowing methods on the growth, gas exchange and yield traits of dryland winter wheat. Furthermore, the effect of N input rates was also evaluated on soil water consumption. The seeds of winter wheat were sown using wide space sowing (WS), furrow sowing (FS), stereoscopic sowing (SS), and drill sowing (DS). The results indicated that the different sowing methods significantly affected the yield and grain quality. Increase in grain yield was 25, 17, and 11% respectively under WS, FS, and AS as compared to DS. The water consumption in the 0–200 cm soil layer from sowing to jointing was highest under WS which mainly in deep soil layers. The photosynthetic traits and leaf area index were highest under WS followed by FS. The plant height was highest under DS. The water consumption index and grain yield were higher at 210–240 kg/ha than other N rates. The difference between sowing method was significant on 1000-grain mass, Spike number, Grain number per spike, leaf area index (LAI), promote the transpiration of flag leaves, intercellular CO2, yield were the highest under WSS compared to others sowing methods. The yield, and three factors were the highest in N240 kg/ha, and enhances Photosynthetic Characteristics of flag leaves, the spike number, and yield had significant difference compared with other N application rates.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Wide space sowing increased grain yield by 25% relative to drill sowing.
- Taxon
- Winter Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- WSe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- Increasee0
- Value
- 25e0
- Comparator
- DSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase in grain yield was 25, 17, and 11% respectively under WS, FS, and AS as compared to DS.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Furrow sowing increased grain yield by 17% relative to drill sowing.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- FSe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- Increasee0
- Value
- 17e0
- Comparator
- DSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase in grain yield was 25, 17, and 11% respectively under WS, FS, and AS as compared to DS.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
AS increased grain yield by 11% relative to drill sowing.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ASe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- Increasee0
- Value
- 11%e0
- Comparator
- DSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase in grain yield was 25, 17, and 11% respectively under WS, FS, and AS as compared to DS.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Water consumption from sowing to jointing was highest with WS.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- WSe0
- Outcome
- water consumptione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- 0–200 cm soil layer from sowing to jointinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The water consumption in the 0–200 cm soil layer from sowing to jointing was highest under WS which mainly in deep soil layers.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic traits and leaf area index were highest under WS, followed by FS.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- WSe0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic traits and leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- FSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The photosynthetic traits and leaf area index were highest under WS followed by FS.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height was highest under DS.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- DSe0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plant height was highest under DS.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Water consumption index and grain yield were higher at 210–240 kg/ha than at other nitrogen rates.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 210–240 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- water consumption index and grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other N ratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The water consumption index and grain yield were higher at 210–240 kg/ha than other N rates.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Thousand grain mass, spike number, grains per spike and leaf area index were highest under WSS.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- WSSe0
- Outcome
- 1000-grain mass, Spike number, Grain number per spikee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- others sowing methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1000-grain mass, Spike number, Grain number per spike, leaf area index (LAI), promote the transpiration of flag leaves, intercellular CO2, yield were the highest under WSS compared to others sowing methods.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Flag leaf transpiration, intercellular CO2 and yield were highest under WSS.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- WSSe0
- Outcome
- transpiration of flag leaves, intercellular CO2, yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- others sowing methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promote the transpiration of flag leaves, intercellular CO2, yield were the highest under WSS compared to others sowing methods.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield and its three factors were highest at N240 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N240 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- yield, and three factorse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield, and three factors were the highest in N240 kg/ha”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics and spike number differed significantly with nitrogen rate.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N application ratese0
- Outcome
- Photosynthetic Characteristics of flag leaves, the spike number, and yielde0
- Comparator
- other N application ratese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhances Photosynthetic Characteristics of flag leaves, the spike number, and yield had significant difference compared with other N application rates.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
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