Abstract
This study aimed to provide new insights into the management of Alternaria rot and Colletotrichum dieback in mandarins. Field trials were conducted to evaluate the impact of bloom sprays on latent infections, disease progression, and the influence of bloom inoculations on disease development. Detached citrus leaves were used to assess the efficacy of commercial fungicides in reducing infections by Colletotrichum spp. C. karstii was more sensitive than C. gloeosporioides, as evidenced by the overall probabilities of infection. Preventative treatments containing quinone outside inhibitor fungicides, such as Pristine, Quadris Top, and Luna Sensation, consistently reduced infections. Curative treatments with Pristine and Luna Sensation also demonstrated efficacy. Bloom inoculations with Colletotrichum species did not induce visible symptoms on flowers and twigs, nor did they lead to dieback until harvest, suggesting that bloom infections may not play a significant role in the disease cycle. For Alternaria, the frequency of latent infections in flowers increased significantly during the bloom period. Shoots inoculated with Alternaria species during bloom reduced the number of fruits per shoot at harvest. Fungicide treatments during bloom exhibited a dual effect, reducing Alternaria infections in fruitlets and influencing disease progression, ultimately reducing preharvest fruit drop. This study provides valuable insights into the role of flower infections in the development of Alternaria rot and Colletotrichum dieback in California mandarins. Furthermore, it offers insights into the efficacy of commercial fungicides in these pathosystems.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
C. karstii had lower infection probability than C. gloeosporioides.
Verbatim
e0“C. karstii was more sensitive than C. gloeosporioides, as evidenced by the overall probabilities of infection.”
Claim · model-written summary
Preventative quinone outside inhibitor fungicides consistently reduced Colletotrichum infections.
- Taxon
- mandarinst0
- Treatment
- Preventative treatments containing quinone outside inhibitor fungicidese0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum
Colletotrichume1pathogene0 - Outcome
- infectionse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Preventative treatments containing quinone outside inhibitor fungicides, such as Pristine, Quadris Top, and Luna Sensation, consistently reduced infections.”
t0“California Mandarins”
e1“Bloom inoculations with Colletotrichum species did not induce visible symptoms on flowers and twigs, nor did they lead to dieback until harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Curative Pristine and Luna Sensation treatments were effective against Colletotrichum infections.
- Taxon
- mandarinst0
- Treatment
- Curative treatments with Pristine and Luna Sensatione0
- Interactor
- ColletotrichumColletotrichume1pathogene0
- Outcome
- efficacye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Curative treatments with Pristine and Luna Sensation also demonstrated efficacy.”
t0“California Mandarins”
e1“Bloom inoculations with Colletotrichum species did not induce visible symptoms on flowers and twigs, nor did they lead to dieback until harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Bloom inoculation with Colletotrichum did not cause visible flower or twig symptoms.
- Taxon
- mandarinst0
- Treatment
- Bloom inoculations with Colletotrichum speciese0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum speciesColletotrichume0pathogen
- Outcome
- visible symptoms on flowers and twigse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bloom inoculations with Colletotrichum species did not induce visible symptoms on flowers and twigs, nor did they lead to dieback until harvest”
t0“California Mandarins”
Claim · model-written summary
Bloom inoculation with Colletotrichum did not cause dieback by harvest.
- Taxon
- mandarinst0
- Treatment
- Bloom inoculations with Colletotrichum speciese0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum speciesColletotrichume0pathogen
- Outcome
- diebacke0
- Qualifier
- until harveste0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bloom inoculations with Colletotrichum species did not induce visible symptoms on flowers and twigs, nor did they lead to dieback until harvest”
t0“California Mandarins”
Claim · model-written summary
Latent Alternaria infections in flowers increased significantly through bloom.
- Taxon
- mandarinst0
- Organ / stage
- flowerse0
- Interactor
- Alternaria
Alternariae0pathogen - Outcome
- frequency of latent infections in flowerse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For Alternaria, the frequency of latent infections in flowers increased significantly during the bloom period.”
t0“California Mandarins”
Claim · model-written summary
Bloom inoculation with Alternaria reduced fruits per shoot at harvest.
- Taxon
- mandarinst0
- Treatment
- inoculated with Alternaria species during bloome0
- Interactor
- Alternaria speciesAlternariae0pathogen
- Outcome
- number of fruits per shoote0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoots inoculated with Alternaria species during bloom reduced the number of fruits per shoot at harvest.”
t0“California Mandarins”
Claim · model-written summary
Bloom fungicide treatments reduced Alternaria infections in fruitlets.
- Taxon
- mandarinst0
- Treatment
- Fungicide treatments during bloome0
- Interactor
- AlternariaAlternariae0pathogen
- Outcome
- Alternaria infections in fruitletse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicide treatments during bloom exhibited a dual effect, reducing Alternaria infections in fruitlets and influencing disease progression, ultimately reducing preharvest fruit drop.”
t0“California Mandarins”
Claim · model-written summary
Bloom fungicide treatments influenced Alternaria disease progression.
- Taxon
- mandarinst0
- Treatment
- Fungicide treatments during bloome0
- Interactor
- AlternariaAlternariae0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease progressione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicide treatments during bloom exhibited a dual effect, reducing Alternaria infections in fruitlets and influencing disease progression, ultimately reducing preharvest fruit drop.”
t0“California Mandarins”
Claim · model-written summary
Bloom fungicide treatments reduced preharvest fruit drop.
- Taxon
- mandarinst0
- Treatment
- Fungicide treatments during bloome0
- Interactor
- AlternariaAlternariae0pathogen
- Outcome
- preharvest fruit drope0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicide treatments during bloom exhibited a dual effect, reducing Alternaria infections in fruitlets and influencing disease progression, ultimately reducing preharvest fruit drop.”
t0“California Mandarins”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.