Influence of post emergence herbicide through drone spraying using different nozzles on the growth and yield of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Military Farm Agriculture Research Institute (ARI) Main farm, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during Kharif, 2023. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with eight treatments and replicated thrice. Results revealed that among the herbicidal treatments, post emergence herbicide application of triafamone 20%+ ethoxysulfron 10% WG @44+22.5 g ha-1 PoE using knapsack sprayer with nozzle (flat fan nozzle) has recorded the higher plant height (cm), number of tillers m-2, plant dry matter accumulated (kg ha-1) at harvest and grain yield (kg ha-1). It was statistically on par with the application of triafamone 20%+ ethoxysulfron 10%WG 44+22.5 g ha-1 PoE using drones with multiple solid stream (SJ7A015VP) nozzle, triafamone 20%+ ethoxysulfron 10%WG 44+22.5 g ha-1 PoE using drones with air induction extended range flat spray (AIXR110015VS) nozzle and triafamone 20%+ ethoxysulfron 10% WG 44+22.5 g ha-1 PoE using drones with drift guard even flat spray (DG95015EVS) nozzle.

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Claims 7

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The knapsack flat fan herbicide application produced higher plant height.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: post emergence herbicide application of triafamone 20%+ ethoxysulfron 10% WG @44+22.5 g ha-1 PoE using knapsack sprayer with nozzle (flat fan nozzle)e0
Outcome: plant heighte0
Direction: highere0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Oryza sativa* · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“post emergence herbicide application of triafamone 20%+ ethoxysulfron 10% WG @44+22.5 g ha-1 PoE using knapsack sprayer with nozzle (flat fan nozzle) has recorded the higher plant height (cm), number of tillers m-2, plant dry matter accumulated (kg ha-1) at harvest and grain yield (kg ha-1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 299–590 · show in text ↑

t0
“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 125–147 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The knapsack flat fan herbicide application produced higher number of tillers m-2.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: post emergence herbicide application of triafamone 20%+ ethoxysulfron 10% WG @44+22.5 g ha-1 PoE using knapsack sprayer with nozzle (flat fan nozzle)e0
Outcome: number of tillers m-2e0
Direction: highere0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“post emergence herbicide application of triafamone 20%+ ethoxysulfron 10% WG @44+22.5 g ha-1 PoE using knapsack sprayer with nozzle (flat fan nozzle) has recorded the higher plant height (cm), number of tillers m-2, plant dry matter accumulated (kg ha-1) at harvest and grain yield (kg ha-1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 299–590 · show in text ↑

t0
“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 125–147 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The knapsack flat fan herbicide application produced higher plant dry matter accumulated.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: post emergence herbicide application of triafamone 20%+ ethoxysulfron 10% WG @44+22.5 g ha-1 PoE using knapsack sprayer with nozzle (flat fan nozzle)e0
Outcome: plant dry matter accumulatede0
Direction: highere0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“post emergence herbicide application of triafamone 20%+ ethoxysulfron 10% WG @44+22.5 g ha-1 PoE using knapsack sprayer with nozzle (flat fan nozzle) has recorded the higher plant height (cm), number of tillers m-2, plant dry matter accumulated (kg ha-1) at harvest and grain yield (kg ha-1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 299–590 · show in text ↑

t0
“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 125–147 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The knapsack flat fan herbicide application produced higher grain yield.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: post emergence herbicide application of triafamone 20%+ ethoxysulfron 10% WG @44+22.5 g ha-1 PoE using knapsack sprayer with nozzle (flat fan nozzle)e0
Outcome: grain yielde0
Direction: highere0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“post emergence herbicide application of triafamone 20%+ ethoxysulfron 10% WG @44+22.5 g ha-1 PoE using knapsack sprayer with nozzle (flat fan nozzle) has recorded the higher plant height (cm), number of tillers m-2, plant dry matter accumulated (kg ha-1) at harvest and grain yield (kg ha-1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 299–590 · show in text ↑

t0
“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 125–147 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The knapsack treatment was statistically on par with the drones with multiple solid stream (SJ7A015VP) nozzle application.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: drones with multiple solid stream (SJ7A015VP) nozzlee0
Outcome: statistically on pare0
Direction: on pare0
Comparator: Ite0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“It was statistically on par with the application of triafamone 20%+ ethoxysulfron 10%WG 44+22.5 g ha-1 PoE using drones with multiple solid stream (SJ7A015VP) nozzle, triafamone 20%+ ethoxysulfron 10%WG 44+22.5 g ha-1 PoE using drones with air induction extended range flat spray (AIXR110015VS) nozzle and triafamone 20%+ ethoxysulfron 10% WG 44+22.5 g ha-1 PoE using drones with drift guard even flat spray (DG95015EVS) nozzle.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 592–1020 · show in text ↑

t0
“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 125–147 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The knapsack treatment was statistically on par with the drones with air induction extended range flat spray (AIXR110015VS) nozzle application.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: drones with air induction extended range flat spray (AIXR110015VS) nozzlee0
Outcome: statistically on pare0
Direction: on pare0
Comparator: Ite0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“It was statistically on par with the application of triafamone 20%+ ethoxysulfron 10%WG 44+22.5 g ha-1 PoE using drones with multiple solid stream (SJ7A015VP) nozzle, triafamone 20%+ ethoxysulfron 10%WG 44+22.5 g ha-1 PoE using drones with air induction extended range flat spray (AIXR110015VS) nozzle and triafamone 20%+ ethoxysulfron 10% WG 44+22.5 g ha-1 PoE using drones with drift guard even flat spray (DG95015EVS) nozzle.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 592–1020 · show in text ↑

t0
“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 125–147 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The knapsack treatment was statistically on par with the drones with drift guard even flat spray (DG95015EVS) nozzle application.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: drones with drift guard even flat spray (DG95015EVS) nozzlee0
Outcome: statistically on pare0
Direction: on pare0
Comparator: Ite0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“It was statistically on par with the application of triafamone 20%+ ethoxysulfron 10%WG 44+22.5 g ha-1 PoE using drones with multiple solid stream (SJ7A015VP) nozzle, triafamone 20%+ ethoxysulfron 10%WG 44+22.5 g ha-1 PoE using drones with air induction extended range flat spray (AIXR110015VS) nozzle and triafamone 20%+ ethoxysulfron 10% WG 44+22.5 g ha-1 PoE using drones with drift guard even flat spray (DG95015EVS) nozzle.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 592–1020 · show in text ↑

t0
“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 125–147 · show in text ↑

triafamone · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

4 papers: 4 positive, 0 negative or no effect

3 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Triafamone plus ethoxysulfuron improved growth parameters.
Performance of Post-Emergence Herbicide Combinations on Weed Management and Crop Yield in Direct Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.) · 2024
Same direction
positive
Triafamone plus Ethoxysulfuron gave the highest leaf area index.
Influence of Different Nitrogen Levels and Weed Management Practices on Leaf Area Index of Dry Direct Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Temperate Conditions · 2025
Same direction
positive
T4 reduced weed dry weight to the lowest level, 11.29 g/m2, among herbicide treatment combinations.
Assessment of ready-mix herbicides on weeds and yield of drip-irrigated aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) var. CO 51 · 2025 · compared with herbicide treatment combinations
Same direction

See all 4 papers →

triafamone · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

17 papers: 17 positive, 0 negative or no effect

16 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Rice grain yield with triafamone + ethoxysulfuron 60 g/ha (6.08 t/ha in 2011, 7.06 t/ha in 2012) was higher than with its lower dose of 52.5 g/ha.
Effectiveness of triafamone + ethoxysulfuron (pre-mix) against complex weed flora in transplanted rice and its residual effects on wheat · 2019 · compared with its lower dose (52.5 g/ha)
Same direction
positive
Sequential herbicides at 25 DAT increased paddy straw yield.
Efficacy of weed management practices in transplanted rice under southern dry zone of Karnataka · 2018
Same direction
positive
Sequential pretilachlor followed by triafamone and ethoxysulfuron gave significantly higher grain yield, statistically at par with two hand weedings.
Effect of sequential application of herbicides on productivity and profitability of transplanted rice · 2021 · compared with two hand weedings
Same direction

13 papers more in this group

See all 17 papers →

herbicide · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ

123 papers: 92 positive, 31 negative or no effect

91 papers in the same direction as this paper · 30 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Both herbicides reduced rice shoot and root biomass consistently across all varieties.
Growth Response of Direct-Seeded Rice to Oxadiazon and Bispyribac-Sodium in Aerobic and Saturated Soils · 2011
Opposite direction
negative
Selective herbicides were reported to reduce height in rice.
Oxidative stress caused by the use of preemergent herbicides in rice crops · 2017
Opposite direction
negative
Late postemergence application at 7.9 and 4 g/ha reduced mature rice height by 11 and 6%.
Corn and Rice Response to Simulated Drift of Imazethapyr Plus Imazapyr · 2006
Opposite direction

119 papers more in this group

See all 123 papers →

application · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

313 papers: 274 positive, 39 negative or no effect

273 papers in the same direction as this paper · 36 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Soaking rice roots in dsActin significantly suppressed their growth.
New insights into an RNAi approach for plant defence against piercing‐sucking and stem‐borer insect pests · 2015
Opposite direction
negative
Traditional soaking impaired germination and seedling establishment of direct seeded rice compared with control.
Enhancing the Performance of Direct Seeded Fine Rice by Seed Priming · 2006 · compared with control
Opposite direction
no effect
Foliar silicon did not significantly affect rice seedling growth.
Effects of foliar and soil application of sodium silicate on arsenic toxicity and accumulation in rice (Oryza sativaL.) seedlings grown in As-contaminated paddy soils · 2015
Opposite direction

309 papers more in this group

See all 313 papers →

application · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

691 papers: 645 positive, 46 negative or no effect

644 papers in the same direction as this paper · 37 in the opposite direction · 9 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Traditional soaking reduced kernel yield of direct seeded rice compared with control.
Enhancing the Performance of Direct Seeded Fine Rice by Seed Priming · 2006 · compared with control
Opposite direction
no effect
Foliar-applied Zn, I, Fe or Se did not affect rice grain yield.
Simultaneous Biofortification of Rice With Zinc, Iodine, Iron and Selenium Through Foliar Treatment of a Micronutrient Cocktail in Five Countries · 2020 · compared with local control (LC)
Opposite direction
no effect
Foliar silicon had no significant effect on plant height, harvest index or number of kernels of rice.
Effect of Foliar Application of Silicon on Yield and Quality of Rice (Oryza Sativa L) · 2013
Opposite direction

687 papers more in this group

See all 691 papers →

herbicide · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

802 papers: 725 positive, 77 negative or no effect

724 papers in the same direction as this paper · 57 in the opposite direction · 20 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Weeding every 14 days did not increase rice grain yield.
Weeds in slash‐and‐burn rice fields in northern Laos · 1997
Opposite direction
negative
The non-allelopathic variety showed a grain yield reduction of up to 45-60% even with the low-dose herbicide application.
Effect of allelopathic rice varieties combined with cultural management options on paddy field weeds · 2008
Opposite direction
negative
Herbicide carryover reduced IRGA 417 grain yield by up to 55% when drilled 371 days after application.
Carryover of Imazethapyr and Imazapic to Nontolerant Rice · 2010
Opposite direction

798 papers more in this group

See all 802 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 7

The same questions in other papers

triafamone · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

triafamone · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

herbicide · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ

application · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

application · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

herbicide · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results