Abstract
Sufficient supply of foliar boron is essential for the appropriate productivity of lentil, particularly in poorly fertile soil. Therefore, field experiments were carried out at two locations (Maru and Mushaqar) in Jordan during the winter growing season 2021/2022 to evaluating the impact of foliar boron levels (0, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.6%) on the physiology, growth, yield, and grain protein contents of the local lentil variety (Jordan 2) under different row spacing (17.5 and 35 cm). The results revealed that the Maru location outperformed another location for increasing transpiration rate, plant height, days to flowering, yield, and yield attributes while reducing protein contents. Row spacing of 35 cm had significantly higher physiological performance, yield, and yield attributes than row spacing of 17.5 cm, except for instantaneous water use efficiency, straw yield, and thousand seed weight. Foliar 0.2% boron was the best treatment since it increased total chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthetic rate, and protein content by 9.5, 39.9, 22.2, 25.9, and 11.2%, respectively. Furthermore, foliar 0.2% boron improved grain yield higher at row spacing of 35 cm than those at row spacing of 17.5 cm. However, foliar 0.6% boron decreased grain yield by 8.5% and 3.6% at row spacing 35 cm and 17.5 cm, respectively, indicating this high concentration of boron acts as toxicity. Overall, it is highly recommended to use foliar rates of boron ranging between 0.2% and 0.3% to enhance the seed yield and protein content of lentils at different row spacing. These results suggest that optimum row spacing and foliar boron are useful approaches for lentil’s sustainability in semiarid areas.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
The Maru location, compared with another location, increased transpiration rate, plant height and days to flowering in lentil.
- Taxon
- lentil
Lens culinarise0 - Treatment
- Maru locatione2
- Outcome
- transpiration rate, plant height, days to floweringe2
- Direction
- increasinge2
- Comparator
- another locatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, it is highly recommended to use foliar rates of boron ranging between 0.2% and 0.3% to enhance the seed yield and protein content of lentils at different row spacing”
e2“The results revealed that the Maru location outperformed another location for increasing transpiration rate, plant height, days to flowering, yield, and yield attributes while reducing protein contents”
Claim · model-written summary
The Maru location, compared with another location, increased yield and yield attributes of lentil.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- Maru locatione2
- Outcome
- yield, and yield attributese2
- Direction
- increasinge2
- Comparator
- another locatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, it is highly recommended to use foliar rates of boron ranging between 0.2% and 0.3% to enhance the seed yield and protein content of lentils at different row spacing”
e2“The results revealed that the Maru location outperformed another location for increasing transpiration rate, plant height, days to flowering, yield, and yield attributes while reducing protein contents”
Claim · model-written summary
The Maru location, compared with another location, decreased protein contents of lentil.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- Maru locatione2
- Outcome
- protein contentse2
- Direction
- reducinge2
- Comparator
- another locatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, it is highly recommended to use foliar rates of boron ranging between 0.2% and 0.3% to enhance the seed yield and protein content of lentils at different row spacing”
e2“The results revealed that the Maru location outperformed another location for increasing transpiration rate, plant height, days to flowering, yield, and yield attributes while reducing protein contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Row spacing of 35 cm gave significantly higher physiological performance, yield and yield attributes than 17.5 cm in lentil.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- Row spacing of 35 cme3
- Outcome
- physiological performance, yield, and yield attributese3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- row spacing of 17.5 cme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, it is highly recommended to use foliar rates of boron ranging between 0.2% and 0.3% to enhance the seed yield and protein content of lentils at different row spacing”
e3“Row spacing of 35 cm had significantly higher physiological performance, yield, and yield attributes than row spacing of 17.5 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
For instantaneous water use efficiency, straw yield and thousand seed weight, the advantage of 35 cm row spacing over 17.5 cm was absent.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- Row spacing of 35 cme3
- Outcome
- instantaneous water use efficiency, straw yield, and thousand seed weighte4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Comparator
- row spacing of 17.5 cme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, it is highly recommended to use foliar rates of boron ranging between 0.2% and 0.3% to enhance the seed yield and protein content of lentils at different row spacing”
e3“Row spacing of 35 cm had significantly higher physiological performance, yield, and yield attributes than row spacing of 17.5 cm”
e4“except for instantaneous water use efficiency, straw yield, and thousand seed weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 0.2% boron was the best treatment in lentil.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- Foliar 0.2% borone5
- Outcome
- best treatmente5
- Direction
- beste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, it is highly recommended to use foliar rates of boron ranging between 0.2% and 0.3% to enhance the seed yield and protein content of lentils at different row spacing”
e5“Foliar 0.2% boron was the best treatment since it increased total chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthetic rate, and protein content by 9.5, 39.9, 22.2, 25.9, and 11.2%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 0.2% boron increased total chlorophyll content in lentil by 9.5%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- Foliar 0.2% borone5
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 9.5e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, it is highly recommended to use foliar rates of boron ranging between 0.2% and 0.3% to enhance the seed yield and protein content of lentils at different row spacing”
e5“Foliar 0.2% boron was the best treatment since it increased total chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthetic rate, and protein content by 9.5, 39.9, 22.2, 25.9, and 11.2%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 0.2% boron increased stomatal conductance in lentil by 39.9%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- Foliar 0.2% borone5
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 39.9e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, it is highly recommended to use foliar rates of boron ranging between 0.2% and 0.3% to enhance the seed yield and protein content of lentils at different row spacing”
e5“Foliar 0.2% boron was the best treatment since it increased total chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthetic rate, and protein content by 9.5, 39.9, 22.2, 25.9, and 11.2%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 0.2% boron increased transpiration in lentil by 22.2%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- Foliar 0.2% borone5
- Outcome
- transpiratione5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 22.2e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, it is highly recommended to use foliar rates of boron ranging between 0.2% and 0.3% to enhance the seed yield and protein content of lentils at different row spacing”
e5“Foliar 0.2% boron was the best treatment since it increased total chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthetic rate, and protein content by 9.5, 39.9, 22.2, 25.9, and 11.2%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 0.2% boron increased photosynthetic rate in lentil by 25.9%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- Foliar 0.2% borone5
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 25.9e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, it is highly recommended to use foliar rates of boron ranging between 0.2% and 0.3% to enhance the seed yield and protein content of lentils at different row spacing”
e5“Foliar 0.2% boron was the best treatment since it increased total chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthetic rate, and protein content by 9.5, 39.9, 22.2, 25.9, and 11.2%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 0.2% boron increased protein content in lentil by 11.2%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- Foliar 0.2% borone5
- Outcome
- protein contente5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 11.2e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, it is highly recommended to use foliar rates of boron ranging between 0.2% and 0.3% to enhance the seed yield and protein content of lentils at different row spacing”
e5“Foliar 0.2% boron was the best treatment since it increased total chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthetic rate, and protein content by 9.5, 39.9, 22.2, 25.9, and 11.2%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 0.2% boron increased grain yield more at 35 cm row spacing than at 17.5 cm in lentil.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- foliar 0.2% borone6
- Outcome
- grain yielde6
- Direction
- highere6
- Qualifier
- at row spacing of 35 cme6
- Comparator
- row spacing of 17.5 cme6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, it is highly recommended to use foliar rates of boron ranging between 0.2% and 0.3% to enhance the seed yield and protein content of lentils at different row spacing”
e6“Furthermore, foliar 0.2% boron improved grain yield higher at row spacing of 35 cm than those at row spacing of 17.5 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 0.6% boron decreased grain yield of lentil by 8.5% at 35 cm row spacing.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- foliar 0.6% borone7
- Outcome
- grain yielde7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Value
- 8.5%e7
- Qualifier
- at row spacing 35 cm and 17.5 cm, respectivelye7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, it is highly recommended to use foliar rates of boron ranging between 0.2% and 0.3% to enhance the seed yield and protein content of lentils at different row spacing”
e7“However, foliar 0.6% boron decreased grain yield by 8.5% and 3.6% at row spacing 35 cm and 17.5 cm, respectively, indicating this high concentration of boron acts as toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 0.6% boron decreased grain yield of lentil by 3.6% at 17.5 cm row spacing.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- foliar 0.6% borone7
- Outcome
- grain yielde7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Value
- 3.6%e7
- Qualifier
- at row spacing 35 cm and 17.5 cm, respectivelye7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, it is highly recommended to use foliar rates of boron ranging between 0.2% and 0.3% to enhance the seed yield and protein content of lentils at different row spacing”
e7“However, foliar 0.6% boron decreased grain yield by 8.5% and 3.6% at row spacing 35 cm and 17.5 cm, respectively, indicating this high concentration of boron acts as toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
A high concentration of foliar boron acts as a toxicity that lowers grain yield of lentil.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Outcome
- grain yielde7
- Qualifier
- high concentration of boron acts as toxicitye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, it is highly recommended to use foliar rates of boron ranging between 0.2% and 0.3% to enhance the seed yield and protein content of lentils at different row spacing”
e7“However, foliar 0.6% boron decreased grain yield by 8.5% and 3.6% at row spacing 35 cm and 17.5 cm, respectively, indicating this high concentration of boron acts as toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar boron at 0.2% to 0.3% is recommended to enhance seed yield and protein content of lentil.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Outcome
- use foliar rates of boron ranging between 0.2% and 0.3%e0
- Qualifier
- to enhance the seed yield and protein contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, it is highly recommended to use foliar rates of boron ranging between 0.2% and 0.3% to enhance the seed yield and protein content of lentils at different row spacing”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimum row spacing and foliar boron are useful approaches for lentil sustainability in semiarid areas.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Outcome
- optimum row spacing and foliar borone1
- Qualifier
- useful approaches for lentil’s sustainabilitye1
- Setting
- semiarid arease1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, it is highly recommended to use foliar rates of boron ranging between 0.2% and 0.3% to enhance the seed yield and protein content of lentils at different row spacing”
e1“These results suggest that optimum row spacing and foliar boron are useful approaches for lentil’s sustainability in semiarid areas”
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