Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of sole as well as combined foliar application of zinc (Zn) and urea at flowering and pod formation stages and soil application of Zn on symbiotic parameters, growth, yield, and economics of lentil. Field experiments were conducted at two locations (Ludhiana and Faridkot, northern India) during the winter season of 2018–19 and 2019–20 in randomized complete block design. The experiment comprised of 11 treatments [control (no soil/foliar application of ZnSO4 and no urea foliar application), soil Zn (25 kg ZnSO4 ha−1), foliar application of sole Zn (0.5% ZnSO4) or urea (2%) and combined Zn + urea at flowering, pod formation, or flowering + pod formation stages] and three replications. Zn and urea fertilization significantly improved the grain yield and related traits and economics in both the years of study at both the locations. The treatment of combined foliar application of Zn + urea at flowering + pod formation stages recorded the highest symbiotic parameters, chlorophyll content, growth and yield attributes, grain yield (29.5% higher than control), gross returns (29.5% higher), net economic returns (56.2% higher), and benefit cost ratio. The combined foliar application of Zn + urea can be done to improve growth, productivity, and economics of lentil and, therefore, it can help in upliftment of economic status of farmers.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Zn and urea fertilization significantly improved lentil grain yield and related traits and economics at both sites and in both years.
- Taxon
- lentil
Lens culinarist0 - Treatment
- Zn and urea fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- grain yield and related traits and economicse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- both the years of study at both the locationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn and urea fertilization significantly improved the grain yield and related traits and economics in both the years of study at both the locations.”
t0“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined foliar Zn and urea at flowering and pod formation gave the highest symbiotic parameters and chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- combined foliar application of Zn + urea at flowering + pod formation stagese0
- Outcome
- symbiotic parameters, chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment of combined foliar application of Zn + urea at flowering + pod formation stages recorded the highest symbiotic parameters, chlorophyll content, growth and yield attributes, grain yield (29.5% higher than control), gross returns (29.5% higher), net economic returns (56.2% higher), and benefit cost ratio.”
t0“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined foliar Zn and urea at flowering and pod formation gave the highest growth and yield attributes.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- combined foliar application of Zn + urea at flowering + pod formation stagese0
- Outcome
- growth and yield attributese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment of combined foliar application of Zn + urea at flowering + pod formation stages recorded the highest symbiotic parameters, chlorophyll content, growth and yield attributes, grain yield (29.5% higher than control), gross returns (29.5% higher), net economic returns (56.2% higher), and benefit cost ratio.”
t0“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined foliar Zn and urea raised grain yield 29.5% above control.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- combined foliar application of Zn + urea at flowering + pod formation stagese0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 29.5%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment of combined foliar application of Zn + urea at flowering + pod formation stages recorded the highest symbiotic parameters, chlorophyll content, growth and yield attributes, grain yield (29.5% higher than control), gross returns (29.5% higher), net economic returns (56.2% higher), and benefit cost ratio.”
t0“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined foliar Zn and urea raised gross returns 29.5% above control.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- combined foliar application of Zn + urea at flowering + pod formation stagese1
- Outcome
- gross returnse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 29.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gross returns (29.5% higher), net economic returns (56.2% higher), and benefit cost ratio.”
e1“The treatment of combined foliar application of Zn + urea at flowering + pod formation stages recorded the highest symbiotic parameters, chlorophyll content, growth and yield attributes, grain yield (29.5% higher than control), gross returns (29.5% higher), net economic returns (56.2% higher), and benefit cost ratio.”
t0“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined foliar Zn and urea raised net economic returns 56.2%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- combined foliar application of Zn + urea at flowering + pod formation stagese1
- Outcome
- net economic returnse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 56.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“net economic returns (56.2% higher)”
e1“combined foliar application of Zn + urea at flowering + pod formation stages”
t0“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined foliar Zn and urea at both stages gave the highest benefit cost ratio.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- combined foliar application of Zn + urea at flowering + pod formation stagese0
- Outcome
- benefit cost ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment of combined foliar application of Zn + urea at flowering + pod formation stages recorded the highest symbiotic parameters, chlorophyll content, growth and yield attributes, grain yield (29.5% higher than control), gross returns (29.5% higher), net economic returns (56.2% higher), and benefit cost ratio.”
t0“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend combined foliar Zn and urea to improve lentil growth, productivity and economics.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- combined foliar application of Zn + ureae0
- Outcome
- improve growth, productivity, and economicse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined foliar application of Zn + urea can be done to improve growth, productivity, and economics of lentil”
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8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.