Abstract
Agronomic biofortification with iron (Fe) may be a viable approach to combat the widespread deficiency of Fe in humans. Thus, the present study was conducted to examine the effect of Fe and urea foliar application on Fe biofortification in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). The field experiments were conducted at two locations viz. Ludhiana and Faridkot, India. Different treatment combinations of foliar spray of sole Fe (0.5% of FeSO4.7 H2O), sole urea (2% urea), and combined application of Fe and urea at flowering, pod formation, and flowering + pod formation stages along with unsprayed control were applied to lentil. The results of the study revealed that the combined foliar application of Fe and urea at flowering + pod formation stages was the most effective in enhancing grain yield, Fe and zinc (Zn) concentration in plants (at flowering as well as pod formation stage), stover and grain (whole and split). The highest Fe concentration in whole (36% higher over control) as well as split (32.9% higher over control) grain and protein content (21% higher over control) was obtained with foliar application of Fe + urea at flowering + pod formation stages. Conclusively, the combined foliar application of 0.5% FeSO4.7 H2O and 2% urea at flowering + pod formation stages may prove to be a feasible option for increasing grain yield and enrichment of lentils with Fe and Zn to combat micronutrient malnutrition in human populations.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Combined foliar Fe and urea at flowering and pod formation was most effective for grain yield.
- Taxon
- Lentil
Lens culinarist0 - Treatment
- combined foliar application of Fe and urea at flowering + pod formation stagese0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”
e0“The results of the study revealed that the combined foliar application of Fe and urea at flowering + pod formation stages was the most effective in enhancing grain yield, Fe and zinc (Zn) concentration in plants (at flowering as well as pod formation stage), stover and grain (whole and split).”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined foliar Fe and urea at flowering and pod formation was most effective for Fe.
- Taxon
- LentilLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- combined foliar application of Fe and urea at flowering + pod formation stagese0
- Outcome
- Fee0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”
e0“The results of the study revealed that the combined foliar application of Fe and urea at flowering + pod formation stages was the most effective in enhancing grain yield, Fe and zinc (Zn) concentration in plants (at flowering as well as pod formation stage), stover and grain (whole and split).”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined foliar Fe and urea at flowering and pod formation was most effective for zinc (Zn).
- Taxon
- LentilLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- combined foliar application of Fe and urea at flowering + pod formation stagese0
- Outcome
- zinc (Zn)e0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”
e0“The results of the study revealed that the combined foliar application of Fe and urea at flowering + pod formation stages was the most effective in enhancing grain yield, Fe and zinc (Zn) concentration in plants (at flowering as well as pod formation stage), stover and grain (whole and split).”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Fe and urea at flowering and pod formation raised Fe concentration in whole by 36% versus control.
- Taxon
- LentilLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- foliar application of Fe + urea at flowering + pod formation stagese0
- Outcome
- Fe concentration in wholee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 36%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”
e0“The highest Fe concentration in whole (36% higher over control) as well as split (32.9% higher over control) grain and protein content (21% higher over control) was obtained with foliar application of Fe + urea at flowering + pod formation stages.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Fe and urea at flowering and pod formation raised split by 32.9% versus control.
- Taxon
- LentilLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- foliar application of Fe + urea at flowering + pod formation stagese0
- Outcome
- splite0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 32.9%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”
e0“The highest Fe concentration in whole (36% higher over control) as well as split (32.9% higher over control) grain and protein content (21% higher over control) was obtained with foliar application of Fe + urea at flowering + pod formation stages.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Fe and urea at flowering and pod formation raised protein content by 21% versus control.
- Taxon
- LentilLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- foliar application of Fe + urea at flowering + pod formation stagese0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 21%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”
e0“The highest Fe concentration in whole (36% higher over control) as well as split (32.9% higher over control) grain and protein content (21% higher over control) was obtained with foliar application of Fe + urea at flowering + pod formation stages.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend combined Fe and urea foliar application to raise lentil yield and Fe and Zn enrichment.
- Taxon
- LentilLens culinarist0
- Treatment
- combined foliar application of 0.5% FeSO4.7 H2O and 2% urea at flowering + pod formation stagese0
- Outcome
- increasing grain yield and enrichment of lentils with Fe and Zne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)”
e0“the combined foliar application of 0.5% FeSO4.7 H2O and 2% urea at flowering + pod formation stages may prove to be a feasible option for increasing grain yield and enrichment of lentils with Fe and Zn”
The same questions in other papers
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
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nitrogen · nutrient: content · Lens culinaris (lentil)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
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See all 8 papers →application · quality: protein · Lens culinaris (lentil)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
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See all 9 papers →stage · yield · Lens culinaris (lentil)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
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See all 13 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.