Abstract
Ambient temperature affects the occurrence and prevalence of plant disease. Most bacterial diseases are damaging at high temperatures. However, kiwifruit bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae ( Psa ) has been found to be prevalent at relatively cool temperatures, and it is unclear how ambient temperature affects the development of kiwifruit bacterial canker. In this study, basal resistance to Psa was suppressed in kiwifruit at cool growth temperature (16 °C) compared with at normal temperature (24 °C). In addition, RNA sequence analysis and ethylene content assessment indicated that ethylene modulated kiwifruit resistance to Psa at normal growth temperature and that cool temperature inhibited ethylene accumulation and Psa -induced activation of the ethylene signaling pathway in kiwifruit. Virus-mediated silencing of the kiwifruit ethylene signaling gene AcEIN2 suppressed kiwifruit resistance to Psa at normal growth temperature. Exogenous application of ethylene inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene eliminated the difference in kiwifruit resistance to Psa at 16 and 24 °C. Exogenous application of ethylene analogues ethephon induced resistance to Psa in kiwifruit. In conclusion, cool temperatures impair basal resistance to Psa by reducing the activation of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in kiwifruit. The results provide clues for new strategies to control plant diseases in a context of global environmental change.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Cool growth temperature suppressed basal resistance to Psa relative to normal temperature.
- Taxon
- kiwifruit
Actinidia deliciosae0 - Treatment
- cool growth temperature (16 °C)e0
- Interactor
- Psae0pathogen
- Outcome
- basal resistance to Psae0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Comparator
- normal temperature (24 °C)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“basal resistance to Psa was suppressed in kiwifruit at cool growth temperature (16 °C) compared with at normal temperature (24 °C)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene modulated kiwifruit resistance to Psa at normal growth temperature.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Interactor
- Psae0pathogen
- Compound
- ethylenee0
- Outcome
- resistance to Psae0
- Qualifier
- normal growth temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethylene modulated kiwifruit resistance to Psa at normal growth temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Cool temperature inhibited ethylene accumulation in kiwifruit.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- cool temperaturee0
- Outcome
- ethylene accumulatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cool temperature inhibited ethylene accumulation and Psa -induced activation of the ethylene signaling pathway in kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Cool temperature inhibited Psa-induced ethylene signaling activation in kiwifruit.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- cool temperaturee0
- Interactor
- Psae0pathogen
- Outcome
- Psa -induced activation of the ethylene signaling pathwaye0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cool temperature inhibited ethylene accumulation and Psa -induced activation of the ethylene signaling pathway in kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing AcEIN2 suppressed resistance to Psa at normal growth temperature.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- Virus-mediated silencing of the kiwifruit ethylene signaling gene AcEIN2e0
- Interactor
- Psae0pathogen
- Gene
- AcEIN2e0
- Outcome
- kiwifruit resistance to Psae0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus-mediated silencing of the kiwifruit ethylene signaling gene AcEIN2 suppressed kiwifruit resistance to Psa at normal growth temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
1-methylcyclopropene eliminated the temperature difference in resistance to Psa.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- Exogenous application of ethylene inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropenee0
- Interactor
- Psae0pathogen
- Outcome
- difference in kiwifruit resistance to Psae0
- Direction
- eliminatede0
- Comparator
- 16 and 24 °Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous application of ethylene inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene eliminated the difference in kiwifruit resistance to Psa at 16 and 24 °C”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon induced resistance to Psa in kiwifruit.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- Exogenous application of ethylene analogues ethephone0
- Interactor
- Psae0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance to Psae0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous application of ethylene analogues ethephon induced resistance to Psa in kiwifruit”
The same questions in other papers
ethene · disease · Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
loss of function · disease · Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.