Abstract
This study was aimed to understand the role of Zn fertilizer (ZnSO4·7H2O) applied through soil media, foliar spray and in combination for enhancing yield and marginal rate of return of wheat crop in filed conditions. Four wheat cultivars; Anaj-2017; Akbaer-2019; FSD-2008 and Zincol-2016 were sown in randomized complete block design in field. The Zn fertilizer was applied as soil media, foliar spray and in combination of soil + foliar media. A significant enhancement in plant height (18.2 %), leaf area index (28 %), heat unit efficiency (25.1 %) and SPAD (23 %) value was observed in wheat cultivars with Zn fertilization. However, the impact of soil + foliar media (T4) Zn application (15 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 (soil) + 1 % ZnSO4 foliar spray solution) was higher than soil media or foliar spray. The protein, ash, fat and phytate contents were enhanced to 13.38 %, 2 %, 0.57 % and 27 % respectively while significant decrease in α-amylase (−29 %) and was recorded after Zn fertilization. At T4 considerable enhancement in grain yield (4.2 tons ha−1), harvest index (55.3 %), internal use efficiency and partial nutrient budget was recorded. It was observed that uptake K, N, Zn and Fe were enhanced while that of P were reduced after Zn fertigation especially at T4 in wheat cultivars. The value cost ratio (VCR) and marginal rate of return (MRR) to farmers was better at T4 as compared to T1-T3 in all wheat cultivars. Finally, Zn applied as soil + foliar spray was most effect while among cultivars Zincol-2016 and Akbar-2019 showed more yield potential than Anaj-2017 and FSD-2008. It has been established that the soil–plant-mineral nutrition nexus is the road leading to fetching higher income, sequestration of carbon dioxide from the air and also ensuring food and nutrition security.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Zn fertilization significantly enhanced wheat plant height by 18.2%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume3 - Treatment
- Zn fertilizatione3
- Outcome
- plant heighte3
- Direction
- enhancemente3
- Value
- 18.2 %e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“A significant enhancement in plant height (18.2 %), leaf area index (28 %), heat unit efficiency (25.1 %) and SPAD (23 %) value was observed in wheat cultivars with Zn fertilization”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn fertilization significantly enhanced wheat leaf area index by 28%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizatione3
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe3
- Direction
- enhancemente3
- Value
- 28 %e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“A significant enhancement in plant height (18.2 %), leaf area index (28 %), heat unit efficiency (25.1 %) and SPAD (23 %) value was observed in wheat cultivars with Zn fertilization”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn fertilization significantly enhanced wheat heat unit efficiency by 25.1%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizatione3
- Outcome
- heat unit efficiencye3
- Direction
- enhancemente3
- Value
- 25.1 %e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“A significant enhancement in plant height (18.2 %), leaf area index (28 %), heat unit efficiency (25.1 %) and SPAD (23 %) value was observed in wheat cultivars with Zn fertilization”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn fertilization significantly enhanced wheat SPAD value by 23%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizatione3
- Outcome
- SPADe3
- Direction
- enhancemente3
- Value
- 23 %e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“A significant enhancement in plant height (18.2 %), leaf area index (28 %), heat unit efficiency (25.1 %) and SPAD (23 %) value was observed in wheat cultivars with Zn fertilization”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined soil and foliar Zn application (T4) had a higher impact on wheat than soil media or foliar spray alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil + foliar media (T4) Zn application (15 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 (soil) + 1 % ZnSO4 foliar spray solution)e4
- Outcome
- impacte4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- soil media or foliar spraye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“the impact of soil + foliar media (T4) Zn application (15 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 (soil) + 1 % ZnSO4 foliar spray solution) was higher than soil media or foliar spray”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn fertilization enhanced wheat grain protein content to 13.38%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizatione5
- Outcome
- proteine5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Value
- 13.38 %e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The protein, ash, fat and phytate contents were enhanced to 13.38 %, 2 %, 0.57 % and 27 % respectively while significant decrease in α-amylase (−29 %) and was recorded after Zn fertilization”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn fertilization enhanced wheat ash content to 2%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The protein, ash, fat and phytate contents were enhanced to 13.38 %, 2 %, 0.57 % and 27 % respectively while significant decrease in α-amylase (−29 %) and was recorded after Zn fertilization”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn fertilization enhanced wheat fat content to 0.57%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizatione5
- Outcome
- fate5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Value
- 0.57 %e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The protein, ash, fat and phytate contents were enhanced to 13.38 %, 2 %, 0.57 % and 27 % respectively while significant decrease in α-amylase (−29 %) and was recorded after Zn fertilization”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn fertilization enhanced wheat phytate content to 27%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizatione5
- Outcome
- phytatee5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Value
- 27 %e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The protein, ash, fat and phytate contents were enhanced to 13.38 %, 2 %, 0.57 % and 27 % respectively while significant decrease in α-amylase (−29 %) and was recorded after Zn fertilization”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn fertilization significantly decreased wheat alpha-amylase by 29%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizatione5
- Outcome
- α-amylasee5
- Direction
- decreasee5
- Value
- −29 %e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The protein, ash, fat and phytate contents were enhanced to 13.38 %, 2 %, 0.57 % and 27 % respectively while significant decrease in α-amylase (−29 %) and was recorded after Zn fertilization”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
At T4 grain yield increased to 4.2 tons per ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil + foliar media (T4) Zn applicatione4
- Outcome
- grain yielde6
- Direction
- enhancemente6
- Value
- 4.2 tons ha−1e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“the impact of soil + foliar media (T4) Zn application (15 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 (soil) + 1 % ZnSO4 foliar spray solution) was higher than soil media or foliar spray”
e6“At T4 considerable enhancement in grain yield (4.2 tons ha−1), harvest index (55.3 %), internal use efficiency and partial nutrient budget was recorded”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
At T4 harvest index increased to 55.3%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil + foliar media (T4) Zn applicatione4
- Outcome
- harvest indexe6
- Direction
- enhancemente6
- Value
- 55.3 %e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“the impact of soil + foliar media (T4) Zn application (15 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 (soil) + 1 % ZnSO4 foliar spray solution) was higher than soil media or foliar spray”
e6“At T4 considerable enhancement in grain yield (4.2 tons ha−1), harvest index (55.3 %), internal use efficiency and partial nutrient budget was recorded”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
At T4 internal use efficiency and partial nutrient budget were enhanced.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil + foliar media (T4) Zn applicatione4
- Outcome
- internal use efficiency and partial nutrient budgete6
- Direction
- enhancemente6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“the impact of soil + foliar media (T4) Zn application (15 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 (soil) + 1 % ZnSO4 foliar spray solution) was higher than soil media or foliar spray”
e6“At T4 considerable enhancement in grain yield (4.2 tons ha−1), harvest index (55.3 %), internal use efficiency and partial nutrient budget was recorded”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn fertigation enhanced wheat uptake of K and N.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- Zn fertigatione7
- Outcome
- uptake K, Ne7
- Direction
- enhancede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“It was observed that uptake K, N, Zn and Fe were enhanced while that of P were reduced after Zn fertigation especially at T4 in wheat cultivars”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn fertigation enhanced wheat uptake of Zn and Fe.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- Zn fertigatione7
- Outcome
- Zn and Fee7
- Direction
- enhancede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“It was observed that uptake K, N, Zn and Fe were enhanced while that of P were reduced after Zn fertigation especially at T4 in wheat cultivars”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn fertigation reduced wheat uptake of P.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“It was observed that uptake K, N, Zn and Fe were enhanced while that of P were reduced after Zn fertigation especially at T4 in wheat cultivars”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
At T4 the value cost ratio and marginal rate of return were better than at T1-T3 in all wheat cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Treatment
- soil + foliar media (T4) Zn applicatione4
- Outcome
- value cost ratio (VCR) and marginal rate of return (MRR)e6
- Direction
- bettere6
- Comparator
- T1-T3e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“the impact of soil + foliar media (T4) Zn application (15 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 (soil) + 1 % ZnSO4 foliar spray solution) was higher than soil media or foliar spray”
e6“The value cost ratio (VCR) and marginal rate of return (MRR) to farmers was better at T4 as compared to T1-T3 in all wheat cultivars”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn applied as soil plus foliar spray was the most effective treatment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn applied as soil + foliar spraye7
- Outcome
- effecte7
- Qualifier
- moste7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Finally, Zn applied as soil + foliar spray was most effect while among cultivars Zincol-2016 and Akbar-2019 showed more yield potential than Anaj-2017 and FSD-2008”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivars Zincol-2016 and Akbar-2019 showed more yield potential than Anaj-2017 and FSD-2008.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Zincol-2016 and Akbar-2019e7
- Outcome
- yield potentiale7
- Direction
- moree7
- Comparator
- Anaj-2017 and FSD-2008e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Finally, Zn applied as soil + foliar spray was most effect while among cultivars Zincol-2016 and Akbar-2019 showed more yield potential than Anaj-2017 and FSD-2008”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
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See all 38 papers →8 of 14 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.