Abstract
Goal. To determine the technical effectiveness of bioinsecticides against major insect pests of radish (Raphanus sativus (L.) convar. radicula (Pers) Sazon.) grown in open fields, and their impact on plants, yield, and root crop quality. Methods. The study was conducted in accordance with the methods generally accepted in entomology and vegetable growing. During 2020—2022 in open ground conditions on three radish hybrids of different ripeness groups (Adele, Eliza and Stellar) the effectiveness of bioinsecticides Bitoxibacillin-BTU, p. (cell bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis-endospores, titer 1.0 × 10⁹ CFU/ cm3, CS +), 2 l/ha, ACTOVERM FORMULA, CE (abamectin, 18 g/l), 5 l/ha, Lepidocide-BTU, p. (cells of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis-var. Kurstaki 9708 L, endospores less than 1 × 109 CFU/cm3), 4 l/ ha, (control). The preparations were applied by spraying plants and fertigation (introduction of fertilizers or pesticides into the irrigation system). Results. On the 14th day after spraying radish plants with Bitoxybacillin-BTU, the population of crucifer flea beetles decreased by 3.9—5.2 times and by 2.8—3.9 times with fertigation. The population of cabbage aphids decreased by 3.9—4.8 and 3.0—3.5 times, and cabbage moth by 5.0—9.0 and 2.7—5.0 times, respectively. The technical effectiveness of Bitoxybacillin-BTU was 76% and 68% against crucifer flea beetles, 78% and 70% against cabbage aphids, and 83% and 73% against cabbage moth. The application of ACTOVERM FORMULA by spraying reduced the population of crucifer flea beetles by 2.6—3.3 times and by 2.5—2.7 times with fertigation. The population of cabbage aphids decreased by 2.9—3.6 and 2.5—2.8 times, and cabbage moth by 2.0—3.0 and 2.0—5.0 times, depending on the radish hybrid. The technical effectiveness of ACTOVERM FORMULA against these pests was 67%, 70%, and 77% with spraying, and 60%, 62%, and 73% with fertigation, respectively. No negative effects from spraying or fertigation with bioinsecticides on radish plants were detected. However, radish plants in the spray treatment had higher height (by 2—3 cm), more leaves per plant (by 1 leaf), and a larger leaf surface area (by 0.2—0.8 thousand m²/ha), depending on the hybrid and product. The root mass increased in treatments with double spraying of ACTOVERM FORMULA and Bitoxybacillin-BTU compared to control and fertigation. The use of bioinsecticides Bitoxybacillin- BTU and ACTOVERM FORMULA (2 treatments) during vegetation ensured yields of 25.6—25.8 t/ha for the Adele hybrid with 93—94% marketable root crops, 24.0—25.1 t/ha for the Eliza hybrid with 94—95% marketable root crops, and 23.2—23.7 t/ha for the Stellar hybrid with 95—96% marketable root crops. The root crops had high dry matter content (Adele: 7.9—8.2%, Eliza: 6.2—6.3%, Stellar: 6.5—6.7%), total sugars (Adele: 2.4—2.5%, Eliza: 2.1—2.2%, Stellar: 2.6%), and ascorbic acid content (Adele: 26.0—26.2 mg/100 g, Eliza: 23.9—24.0 mg/100 g, Stellar: 25.4—25.5 mg/100 g). Conclusions. The application of bioinsecticides Bitoxybacillin-BTU (2 l/ha) and ACTOVERM FORMULA (5 l/ ha) is an effective method for controlling sucking pests in radish crops. Double spraying of radish plants at BBCH 0—9 and BBCH 12—19 with Bitoxybacillin-BTU (2 l/ha) provided control of crucifer flea beetle (76%), cabbage aphid (78%), and cabbage moth (83%). Double spraying with ACTOVERM FORMULA (5 l/ha) at the same stages provided control of crucifer flea beetle (67%), cabbage aphid (70%), and cabbage moth (77%).
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Bitoxybacillin-BTU spraying reduced crucifer flea beetles 3.9—5.2 times.
- Taxon
- radish
Raphanus sativuse0 - Treatment
- spraying radish plants with Bitoxybacillin-BTUe0
- Interactor
- crucifer flea beetlese0pest
- Outcome
- population of crucifer flea beetlese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 3.9—5.2 timese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the 14th day after spraying radish plants with Bitoxybacillin-BTU, the population of crucifer flea beetles decreased by 3.9—5.2 times and by 2.8—3.9 times with fertigation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bitoxybacillin-BTU fertigation reduced crucifer flea beetles 2.8—3.9 times.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- fertigatione0
- Interactor
- crucifer flea beetlese0pest
- Outcome
- population of crucifer flea beetlese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 2.8—3.9 timese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the population of crucifer flea beetles decreased by 3.9—5.2 times and by 2.8—3.9 times with fertigation.”
t0“radish”
Claim · model-written summary
Bitoxybacillin-BTU reduced cabbage aphids 3.9—4.8 times with spraying.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Interactor
- cabbage aphids
.jpg?width=60)
Brevicoryne brassicaee0pest - Outcome
- population of cabbage aphidse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 3.9—4.8e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The population of cabbage aphids decreased by 3.9—4.8 and 3.0—3.5 times, and cabbage moth by 5.0—9.0 and 2.7—5.0 times, respectively.”
t0“radish”
Claim · model-written summary
Bitoxybacillin-BTU reduced cabbage aphids 3.0—3.5 times with fertigation.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Interactor
- cabbage aphidsBrevicoryne brassicaee0pest
- Outcome
- population of cabbage aphidse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 3.0—3.5 timese0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The population of cabbage aphids decreased by 3.9—4.8 and 3.0—3.5 times, and cabbage moth by 5.0—9.0 and 2.7—5.0 times, respectively.”
t0“radish”
Claim · model-written summary
Bitoxybacillin-BTU reduced cabbage moths 5.0—9.0 times with spraying.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Interactor
- cabbage mothe0pest
- Outcome
- cabbage mothe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 5.0—9.0e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The population of cabbage aphids decreased by 3.9—4.8 and 3.0—3.5 times, and cabbage moth by 5.0—9.0 and 2.7—5.0 times, respectively.”
t0“radish”
Claim · model-written summary
Bitoxybacillin-BTU reduced cabbage moths 2.7—5.0 times with fertigation.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Interactor
- cabbage mothe0pest
- Outcome
- cabbage mothe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 2.7—5.0 timese0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The population of cabbage aphids decreased by 3.9—4.8 and 3.0—3.5 times, and cabbage moth by 5.0—9.0 and 2.7—5.0 times, respectively.”
t0“radish”
Claim · model-written summary
ACTOVERM spraying reduced crucifer flea beetles 2.6—3.3 times.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- ACTOVERM FORMULA by sprayinge0
- Interactor
- crucifer flea beetlese0pest
- Outcome
- population of crucifer flea beetlese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 2.6—3.3 timese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of ACTOVERM FORMULA by spraying reduced the population of crucifer flea beetles by 2.6—3.3 times and by 2.5—2.7 times with fertigation.”
t0“radish”
Claim · model-written summary
ACTOVERM fertigation reduced crucifer flea beetles 2.5—2.7 times.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- fertigatione0
- Interactor
- crucifer flea beetlese0pest
- Outcome
- population of crucifer flea beetlese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 2.5—2.7 timese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of ACTOVERM FORMULA by spraying reduced the population of crucifer flea beetles by 2.6—3.3 times and by 2.5—2.7 times with fertigation.”
t0“radish”
Claim · model-written summary
ACTOVERM reduced cabbage aphids 2.9—3.6 times with spraying.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Interactor
- cabbage aphidsBrevicoryne brassicaee0pest
- Outcome
- population of cabbage aphidse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 2.9—3.6e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The population of cabbage aphids decreased by 2.9—3.6 and 2.5—2.8 times, and cabbage moth by 2.0—3.0 and 2.0—5.0 times, depending on the radish hybrid.”
Claim · model-written summary
ACTOVERM reduced cabbage aphids 2.5—2.8 times with fertigation.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Interactor
- cabbage aphidsBrevicoryne brassicaee0pest
- Outcome
- population of cabbage aphidse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 2.5—2.8 timese0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The population of cabbage aphids decreased by 2.9—3.6 and 2.5—2.8 times, and cabbage moth by 2.0—3.0 and 2.0—5.0 times, depending on the radish hybrid.”
Claim · model-written summary
ACTOVERM reduced cabbage moths 2.0—3.0 times with spraying.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Interactor
- cabbage mothe0pest
- Outcome
- cabbage mothe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 2.0—3.0e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The population of cabbage aphids decreased by 2.9—3.6 and 2.5—2.8 times, and cabbage moth by 2.0—3.0 and 2.0—5.0 times, depending on the radish hybrid.”
Claim · model-written summary
ACTOVERM reduced cabbage moths 2.0—5.0 times with fertigation.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Interactor
- cabbage mothe0pest
- Outcome
- cabbage mothe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 2.0—5.0 timese0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The population of cabbage aphids decreased by 2.9—3.6 and 2.5—2.8 times, and cabbage moth by 2.0—3.0 and 2.0—5.0 times, depending on the radish hybrid.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioinsecticides had no detected negative effects on radish plants.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Outcome
- No negative effectse0
- Direction
- No negative effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No negative effects from spraying or fertigation with bioinsecticides on radish plants were detected.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying increased radish height by 2—3 cm.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- spray treatmente0
- Outcome
- heighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2—3 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“radish plants in the spray treatment had higher height (by 2—3 cm), more leaves per plant (by 1 leaf), and a larger leaf surface area (by 0.2—0.8 thousand m²/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying increased radish leaves per plant by one.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- spray treatmente0
- Outcome
- leaves per plante0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 1 leafe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“radish plants in the spray treatment had higher height (by 2—3 cm), more leaves per plant (by 1 leaf), and a larger leaf surface area (by 0.2—0.8 thousand m²/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying increased radish leaf surface area by 0.2—0.8 thousand m²/ha.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- spray treatmente0
- Outcome
- leaf surface areae0
- Direction
- largere0
- Value
- 0.2—0.8 thousand m²/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“radish plants in the spray treatment had higher height (by 2—3 cm), more leaves per plant (by 1 leaf), and a larger leaf surface area (by 0.2—0.8 thousand m²/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Double spraying increased root mass relative to control and fertigation.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- double spraying of ACTOVERM FORMULA and Bitoxybacillin-BTUe0
- Outcome
- root masse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control and fertigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root mass increased in treatments with double spraying of ACTOVERM FORMULA and Bitoxybacillin-BTU compared to control and fertigation.”
t0“radish”
Claim · model-written summary
Adele bioinsecticide treatments yielded 25.6—25.8 t/ha with 93—94% marketable roots.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Material
- Adelee0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Value
- 25.6—25.8 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- 93—94% marketable root cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ensured yields of 25.6—25.8 t/ha for the Adele hybrid with 93—94% marketable root crops”
t0“radish”
Claim · model-written summary
Eliza bioinsecticide treatments yielded 24.0—25.1 t/ha with 94—95% marketable roots.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Material
- Elizae0
- Outcome
- marketable root cropse0
- Value
- 24.0—25.1 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- 94—95% marketable root cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“24.0—25.1 t/ha for the Eliza hybrid with 94—95% marketable root crops”
t0“radish”
Claim · model-written summary
Stellar bioinsecticide treatments yielded 23.2—23.7 t/ha with 95—96% marketable roots.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Material
- Stellare0
- Outcome
- marketable root cropse0
- Value
- 23.2—23.7 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- 95—96% marketable root cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“23.2—23.7 t/ha for the Stellar hybrid with 95—96% marketable root crops”
t0“radish”
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- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.