Abstract
Abstract The crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), is a pest of major economic importance on cruciferous crops in Canada. Laboratory and field tests were conducted to assess the effectiveness of insecticides which have been, or currently are used in Ontario, or which might have potential for its control. Twenty of 22 insecticides tested in the laboratory were toxic or moderately toxic by direct contact against adults. Carbofuran was 55 times and eight other insecticides 2.9 to 5.5 times more toxic than endosulfan. Of eight insecticides tested as soil treatments, diazinon, carbofuran, and dieldrin were most toxic to adults. All insecticides were less toxic in organic than in mineral soil. In field studies, concentrations of DDT and dieldrin typical of those found in mineral soils used for crucifer production in Ontario in the late 1960’s reduced crucifer flea beetle damage to radishes. As organochlorine insecticide residues decline a higher percentage of crucifer flea beetle population will survive necessitating greater emphasis on control. Two sprays of parathion, carbaryl, or endosulfan significantly reduced crucifer flea beetle damage to radishes in the early part of the growing season under moderate insect pressure. These control programs were less effective during warmer weather and(or) under severe crucifer flea beetle pressure. Soil applications of terbufos, carbofuran, and oxamyl protected cabbage grown in seed beds from attack. The latter was slightly phytotoxic. Planting–water treatments using azinphosmethyl, diazinon, and oxamyl protected cabbage transplants against early season crucifer flea beetle attack. On late cabbage, fensulfothion, azinphosmethyl, carbaryl, endosulfan, and chlorfenvinphos gave good protection.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty of 22 laboratory-tested insecticides were toxic or moderately toxic by direct contact against crucifer flea beetle adults.
- Taxon
- cruciferous cropse0
- Treatment
- insecticides tested in the laboratorye1
- Interactor
- Phyllotreta cruciferae
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Phyllotreta cruciferaee0pest - Outcome
- direct contact against adultse1
- Direction
- toxic or moderately toxice1
- Value
- Twenty of 22e1
- Setting
- laboratorye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.png?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), is a pest of major economic importance on cruciferous crops in Canada”
e1“Twenty of 22 insecticides tested in the laboratory were toxic or moderately toxic by direct contact against adults”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran was 55 times more toxic to crucifer flea beetle adults than endosulfan.
- Taxon
- cruciferous cropse0
- Treatment
- Carbofurane2
- Interactor
- Phyllotreta cruciferaePhyllotreta cruciferaee0pest
- Outcome
- toxice2
- Direction
- more toxice2
- Value
- 55 timese2
- Comparator
- endosulfane2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), is a pest of major economic importance on cruciferous crops in Canada”
e2“Carbofuran was 55 times and eight other insecticides 2.9 to 5.5 times more toxic than endosulfan”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight other insecticides were 2.9 to 5.5 times more toxic to crucifer flea beetle adults than endosulfan.
- Taxon
- cruciferous cropse0
- Treatment
- eight other insecticidese2
- Interactor
- Phyllotreta cruciferaePhyllotreta cruciferaee0pest
- Outcome
- toxice2
- Direction
- more toxice2
- Value
- 2.9 to 5.5 timese2
- Comparator
- endosulfane2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), is a pest of major economic importance on cruciferous crops in Canada”
e2“Carbofuran was 55 times and eight other insecticides 2.9 to 5.5 times more toxic than endosulfan”
Claim · model-written summary
Diazinon, carbofuran and dieldrin were the most toxic soil-applied insecticides to crucifer flea beetle adults.
- Taxon
- cruciferous cropse0
- Treatment
- diazinon, carbofuran, and dieldrine3
- Interactor
- Phyllotreta cruciferaePhyllotreta cruciferaee0pest
- Outcome
- toxic to adultse3
- Direction
- most toxice3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), is a pest of major economic importance on cruciferous crops in Canada”
e3“Of eight insecticides tested as soil treatments, diazinon, carbofuran, and dieldrin were most toxic to adults”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticides were less toxic in organic soil than in mineral soil.
Verbatim
e0“The crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), is a pest of major economic importance on cruciferous crops in Canada”
e4“All insecticides were less toxic in organic than in mineral soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Field-level DDT and dieldrin concentrations typical of Ontario mineral soils reduced crucifer flea beetle damage to radishes.
- Taxon
- radishes
Raphanus sativuse5 - Treatment
- concentrations of DDT and dieldrine5
- Interactor
- crucifer flea beetlee5pest
- Outcome
- crucifer flea beetle damage to radishese5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Setting
- field studiese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In field studies, concentrations of DDT and dieldrin typical of those found in mineral soils used for crucifer production in Ontario in the late 1960’s reduced crucifer flea beetle damage to radishes”
Claim · model-written summary
As organochlorine insecticide residues decline, a higher percentage of crucifer flea beetle population is expected to survive.
Verbatim
e0“The crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), is a pest of major economic importance on cruciferous crops in Canada”
e6“As organochlorine insecticide residues decline a higher percentage of crucifer flea beetle population will survive necessitating greater emphasis on control”
Claim · model-written summary
Two sprays of parathion, carbaryl or endosulfan significantly reduced crucifer flea beetle damage to radishes early in the growing season under moderate pressure.
- Taxon
- radishesRaphanus sativuse7
- Treatment
- Two sprays of parathion, carbaryl, or endosulfane7
- Interactor
- crucifer flea beetlee7pest
- Outcome
- crucifer flea beetle damage to radishese7
- Direction
- significantly reducede7
- Qualifier
- early part of the growing season under moderate insect pressuree7
- Setting
- growing seasone7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Two sprays of parathion, carbaryl, or endosulfan significantly reduced crucifer flea beetle damage to radishes in the early part of the growing season under moderate insect pressure”
Claim · model-written summary
Control programs were less effective during warmer weather and under severe crucifer flea beetle pressure.
Verbatim
e0“The crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), is a pest of major economic importance on cruciferous crops in Canada”
e1“These control programs were less effective during warmer weather and(or) under severe crucifer flea beetle pressure”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil applications of terbufos, carbofuran and oxamyl protected cabbage grown in seed beds from flea beetle attack.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatae0 - Treatment
- Soil applications of terbufos, carbofuran, and oxamyle0
- Outcome
- attacke0
- Direction
- protectede0
- Setting
- seed bedse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil applications of terbufos, carbofuran, and oxamyl protected cabbage grown in seed beds from attack. The latter was slightly phytotoxic”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-applied oxamyl was slightly phytotoxic to cabbage.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- oxamyle0
- Outcome
- phytotoxice0
- Direction
- slightly phytotoxice0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil applications of terbufos, carbofuran, and oxamyl protected cabbage grown in seed beds from attack. The latter was slightly phytotoxic”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting-water treatments of azinphosmethyl, diazinon and oxamyl protected cabbage transplants against early season crucifer flea beetle attack.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Organ / stage
- transplantse0
- Treatment
- Planting–water treatments using azinphosmethyl, diazinon, and oxamyle0
- Interactor
- crucifer flea beetlee0pest
- Outcome
- attacke0
- Direction
- protectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting–water treatments using azinphosmethyl, diazinon, and oxamyl protected cabbage transplants against early season crucifer flea beetle attack”
Claim · model-written summary
On late cabbage, fensulfothion, azinphosmethyl and carbaryl gave good protection.
- Taxon
- late cabbagee0
- Treatment
- fensulfothion, azinphosmethyl, carbaryle0
- Outcome
- protectione0
- Direction
- good protectione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“On late cabbage, fensulfothion, azinphosmethyl, carbaryl, endosulfan, and chlorfenvinphos gave good protection”
Claim · model-written summary
On late cabbage, endosulfan and chlorfenvinphos gave good protection.
- Taxon
- late cabbagee0
- Treatment
- endosulfan, and chlorfenvinphose0
- Outcome
- protectione0
- Direction
- good protectione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“On late cabbage, fensulfothion, azinphosmethyl, carbaryl, endosulfan, and chlorfenvinphos gave good protection”
The same questions in other papers
application · pest · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.