Bio-efficacy of seed dressing fungicides and bio-agents on seed borne fungal infections and seed quality of greengram

Abstract

A laboratory experiment was conducted during summer-2021 at Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design consists of eight treatments including the seed treatment with different seed dressing fungicides and bio-agents in greengram with each replicated four times in paper towel method and recorded the the influence of treatments on seed quality attributes of greengram. Among the different treatments, the seed treatment with Mancozeb 50% WP+ Carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) @ 2g/kg recorded significantly highest germination (84.67%), lower seed infection (12.00%) and showed 13.48 per cent increase in germination and 44.67 per cent decrease in infection over control. The seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum @ 10 g /kg seeds (T6) recorded the highest mean shoot length (24.3 cm) and mean root length (13.42 cm) followed by Mancozeb 50% WP+ carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) @ 2g/kg seeds (23.1 cm) and 13.43 cm root length and these are found on par with each other. The seed treatment with Mancozeb 50% WP+ carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) @ 2g/ kg seeds (T3) recorded significantly highest seedling vigour index (3098) and Trichoderma harzianum @ 10g /kg seeds (T6) recorded 3025 and both are found on par with each other and are followed by seed treatment with carbendazim 50% WP @ 2g/kg seeds (2942), Thiophanate methyl + pyraclostrobin (Xelero) @ 2g/kg seeds (2678). Mancozeb 50% WP+ carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) performed better in controlling seed borne infections and thus enhanced seed quality parameters of greengram. Among bioagents Trichoderma harzianum can be predominantly used for seed treatment of greengram against seed borne fungal infections.

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Claims 15

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Mancozeb 50% WP+ Carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) gave significantly the highest germination among the treatments (84.67%).

Taxon: greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: Mancozeb 50% WP+ Carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) @ 2g/kge1
Outcome: germinatione1
Direction: higheste1
Value: 84.67%e1
Comparator: the different treatmentse1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Vigna radiata var. radiata* · Taxon · picture of the speciesIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“bio-agents in greengram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 311–334 · show in text ↑

e1
“Among the different treatments, the seed treatment with Mancozeb 50% WP+ Carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) @ 2g/kg recorded significantly highest germination (84.67%), lower seed infection (12.00%) and showed 13.48 per cent increase in germination and 44.67 per cent decrease in infection over control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 475–770 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mancozeb 50% WP+ Carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) gave lower seed infection (12.00%) among the treatments.

Taxon: greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: Mancozeb 50% WP+ Carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) @ 2g/kge1
Outcome: seed infectione1
Direction: lowere1
Value: 12.00%e1
Comparator: the different treatmentse1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“bio-agents in greengram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 311–334 · show in text ↑

e1
“Among the different treatments, the seed treatment with Mancozeb 50% WP+ Carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) @ 2g/kg recorded significantly highest germination (84.67%), lower seed infection (12.00%) and showed 13.48 per cent increase in germination and 44.67 per cent decrease in infection over control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 475–770 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mancozeb 50% WP+ Carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) increased germination by 13.48 per cent over control.

Taxon: greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: Mancozeb 50% WP+ Carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) @ 2g/kge1
Outcome: germinatione1
Direction: increasee1
Value: 13.48 per cente1
Comparator: controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“bio-agents in greengram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 311–334 · show in text ↑

e1
“Among the different treatments, the seed treatment with Mancozeb 50% WP+ Carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) @ 2g/kg recorded significantly highest germination (84.67%), lower seed infection (12.00%) and showed 13.48 per cent increase in germination and 44.67 per cent decrease in infection over control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 475–770 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mancozeb 50% WP+ Carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) decreased seed infection by 44.67 per cent over control.

Taxon: greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: Mancozeb 50% WP+ Carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) @ 2g/kge1
Outcome: infectione1
Direction: decreasee1
Value: 44.67 per cente1
Comparator: controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“bio-agents in greengram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 311–334 · show in text ↑

e1
“Among the different treatments, the seed treatment with Mancozeb 50% WP+ Carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) @ 2g/kg recorded significantly highest germination (84.67%), lower seed infection (12.00%) and showed 13.48 per cent increase in germination and 44.67 per cent decrease in infection over control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 475–770 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Trichoderma harzianum @ 10 g /kg seeds gave the highest mean shoot length (24.3 cm).

Taxon: greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: Trichoderma harzianum @ 10 g /kg seedse2
Interactor: Trichoderma harzianumTrichoderma harzianume2biocontrol_agent
Outcome: mean shoot lengthe2
Direction: higheste2
Value: 24.3 cme2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Trichoderma harzianum* · InteractorUS Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, [1] · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“bio-agents in greengram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 311–334 · show in text ↑

e2
“The seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum @ 10 g /kg seeds (T6) recorded the highest mean shoot length (24.3 cm) and mean root length (13.42 cm) followed by Mancozeb 50% WP+ carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) @ 2g/kg seeds (23.1 cm) and 13.43 cm root length and these are found on par with each other”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 772–1069 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Trichoderma harzianum @ 10 g /kg seeds gave the highest mean root length (13.42 cm).

Taxon: greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: Trichoderma harzianum @ 10 g /kg seedse2
Interactor: Trichoderma harzianumTrichoderma harzianume2biocontrol_agent
Outcome: mean root lengthe2
Direction: higheste2
Value: 13.42 cme2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“bio-agents in greengram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 311–334 · show in text ↑

e2
“The seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum @ 10 g /kg seeds (T6) recorded the highest mean shoot length (24.3 cm) and mean root length (13.42 cm) followed by Mancozeb 50% WP+ carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) @ 2g/kg seeds (23.1 cm) and 13.43 cm root length and these are found on par with each other”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 772–1069 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Mancozeb 50% WP+ carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) gave a shoot length (23.1 cm) on par with Trichoderma harzianum.

Taxon: greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: Mancozeb 50% WP+ carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) @ 2g/kg seedse2
Outcome: shoot lengthe2
Direction: on pare2
Value: 23.1 cme2
Comparator: Trichoderma harzianum @ 10 g /kg seedse2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“bio-agents in greengram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 311–334 · show in text ↑

e2
“The seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum @ 10 g /kg seeds (T6) recorded the highest mean shoot length (24.3 cm) and mean root length (13.42 cm) followed by Mancozeb 50% WP+ carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) @ 2g/kg seeds (23.1 cm) and 13.43 cm root length and these are found on par with each other”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 772–1069 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Mancozeb 50% WP+ carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) gave a root length (13.43 cm) on par with Trichoderma harzianum.

Taxon: greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: Mancozeb 50% WP+ carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) @ 2g/kg seedse2
Outcome: root lengthe2
Direction: on pare2
Value: 13.43 cme2
Comparator: Trichoderma harzianum @ 10 g /kg seedse2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“bio-agents in greengram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 311–334 · show in text ↑

e2
“The seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum @ 10 g /kg seeds (T6) recorded the highest mean shoot length (24.3 cm) and mean root length (13.42 cm) followed by Mancozeb 50% WP+ carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) @ 2g/kg seeds (23.1 cm) and 13.43 cm root length and these are found on par with each other”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 772–1069 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Mancozeb 50% WP+ carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) gave the significantly highest seedling vigour index (3098).

Taxon: greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: Mancozeb 50% WP+ carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) @ 2g/kg seedse3
Outcome: seedling vigour indexe3
Direction: significantly higheste3
Value: 3098e3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“bio-agents in greengram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 311–334 · show in text ↑

e3
“The seed treatment with Mancozeb 50% WP+ carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) @ 2g/kg seeds (T3) recorded significantly highest seedling vigour index (3098) and Trichoderma harzianum @ 10g /kg seeds (T6) recorded 3025 and both are found on par with each other and are followed by seed treatment with carbendazim 50% WP @ 2g/kg seeds (2942), Thiophanate methyl + pyraclostrobin (Xelero) @ 2g/kg seeds (2678)”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 1071–1469 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Trichoderma harzianum @ 10g /kg seeds gave a seedling vigour index (3025) on par with Mancozeb 50% WP+ carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint).

Taxon: greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: Trichoderma harzianum @ 10g /kg seedse3
Interactor: Trichoderma harzianumTrichoderma harzianume3biocontrol_agent
Outcome: seedling vigour indexe3
Direction: on pare3
Value: 3025e3
Comparator: Mancozeb 50% WP+ carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) @ 2g/kg seedse3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“bio-agents in greengram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 311–334 · show in text ↑

e3
“The seed treatment with Mancozeb 50% WP+ carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) @ 2g/kg seeds (T3) recorded significantly highest seedling vigour index (3098) and Trichoderma harzianum @ 10g /kg seeds (T6) recorded 3025 and both are found on par with each other and are followed by seed treatment with carbendazim 50% WP @ 2g/kg seeds (2942), Thiophanate methyl + pyraclostrobin (Xelero) @ 2g/kg seeds (2678)”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 1071–1469 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Carbendazim 50% WP @ 2g/kg seeds gave a seedling vigour index (2942), followed by the Mancozeb treatment.

Taxon: greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: carbendazim 50% WP @ 2g/kg seedse3
Outcome: seedling vigour indexe3
Direction: followed bye3
Value: 2942e3
Comparator: Mancozeb 50% WP+ carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) @ 2g/kg seedse3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“bio-agents in greengram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 311–334 · show in text ↑

e3
“The seed treatment with Mancozeb 50% WP+ carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) @ 2g/kg seeds (T3) recorded significantly highest seedling vigour index (3098) and Trichoderma harzianum @ 10g /kg seeds (T6) recorded 3025 and both are found on par with each other and are followed by seed treatment with carbendazim 50% WP @ 2g/kg seeds (2942), Thiophanate methyl + pyraclostrobin (Xelero) @ 2g/kg seeds (2678)”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 1071–1469 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Thiophanate methyl + pyraclostrobin (Xelero) @ 2g/kg seeds gave a seedling vigour index (2678), followed by the Mancozeb treatment.

Taxon: greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: Thiophanate methyl + pyraclostrobin (Xelero) @ 2g/kg seedse3
Outcome: seedling vigour indexe3
Direction: followed bye3
Value: 2678e3
Comparator: Mancozeb 50% WP+ carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) @ 2g/kg seedse3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“bio-agents in greengram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 311–334 · show in text ↑

e3
“The seed treatment with Mancozeb 50% WP+ carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) @ 2g/kg seeds (T3) recorded significantly highest seedling vigour index (3098) and Trichoderma harzianum @ 10g /kg seeds (T6) recorded 3025 and both are found on par with each other and are followed by seed treatment with carbendazim 50% WP @ 2g/kg seeds (2942), Thiophanate methyl + pyraclostrobin (Xelero) @ 2g/kg seeds (2678)”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 1071–1469 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mancozeb 50% WP+ Carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) performed better in controlling seed borne infections.

Taxon: greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: Mancozeb 50% WP+ Carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint)e4
Outcome: seed borne infectionse4
Direction: bettere4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“bio-agents in greengram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 311–334 · show in text ↑

e4
“Mancozeb 50% WP+ Carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) performed better in controlling seed borne infections and thus enhanced seed quality parameters of greengram”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 1471–1624 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mancozeb 50% WP+ Carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) enhanced seed quality parameters of greengram.

Taxon: greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
Treatment: Mancozeb 50% WP+ Carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint)e4
Outcome: seed quality parameterse4
Direction: enhancede4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“bio-agents in greengram”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 311–334 · show in text ↑

e4
“Mancozeb 50% WP+ Carbendazim 25% WS (Sprint) performed better in controlling seed borne infections and thus enhanced seed quality parameters of greengram”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 1471–1624 · show in text ↑

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Trichoderma harzianum can be predominantly used for seed treatment of greengram against seed borne fungal infections.

Taxon: greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae5
Treatment: Trichoderma harzianume5
Interactor: Trichoderma harzianumTrichoderma harzianume5biocontrol_agent
Outcome: seed borne fungal infectionse5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e5
“Among bioagents Trichoderma harzianum can be predominantly used for seed treatment of greengram against seed borne fungal infections”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1626–1758 · show in text ↑

mancozeb · growth · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

3 papers: 2 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

negative
Copper plus Mancozeb treated seeds had minimum germination and survival.
Inhibitory Effects of some Fungicides against Macrophomina phaseolina Causing Charcoal Rot · 2019
Opposite direction
positive
Dry seed treatment with carbendazim + mancozeb gave maximum seed germination (83.85%) of green gram, at par with thiophanate methyl, carbendazim and captan.
Efficacy of Fungicidal Seed Treatments on Growth and Yield Parameters of Green Gram · 2020
Same direction

See all 3 papers →

carbendazim · quality: grain · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

positive
The combined seed treatment produced better seed quality in mungbean.
Efficacy of Integrated Seed Treatment for Enhancing Growth, Yield and Sustainability in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] · 2025
Same direction

See all 2 papers →

Trichoderma harzianum · growth · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

5 papers: 5 positive, 0 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
The combination of the three inoculants significantly enhanced crop growth compared with other treatments.
Effect of Microbial Inocula on Mixed Solid Waste Composting, Vermicomposting and Plant Response · 2003 · compared with other treatments
Same direction
positive
Plant height (57.50 cm) was at its maximum in the T. harzianum + neem cake combined application.
Utilizing the combined antifungal potential of Trichoderma spp. and organic amendments against dry root rot of mungbean · 2019
Same direction
positive
Trichoderma harzianum gave the highest mungbean growth among agents.
Effect of seed pelleting with biocontrol agents on growth and colonisation of roots of mungbean by root‐infecting fungi · 2015 · compared with all the biocontrol agents
Same direction

1 paper more in this group

See all 5 papers →

mancozeb · disease · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

6 papers: 6 positive, 0 negative or no effect

5 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Carbendazim plus Mancozeb foliar application gave a minimum disease index of 0.9.
Sources of resistance in mungbean genotypes to Cercospora leaf spot disease and its management · 2014
Same direction
positive
Mancozeb was most effective at 1500 ppm in inhibiting mycelial growth of C. canescens.
Fungicidal management of cercospora leaf spot of mungbean (Vigna radiata). · 2013
Same direction
positive
Dry seed treatment with carbendazim + mancozeb lowered the percent disease index of anthracnose to 0.81% and 6.71%.
Efficacy of Fungicidal Seed Treatments on Seed Borne Diseases of Green Gram · 2020
Same direction

2 papers more in this group

See all 6 papers →

carbendazim · growth · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

7 papers: 7 positive, 0 negative or no effect

6 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Bavistin increased mung bean germination most effectively among tested fungicides.
Seed borne mycoflora of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) and its control by fungicides · 2014 · compared with All the fungicides
Same direction
positive
Carbendazim improved seed germination to 74.5%.
Influence of Fungicidal Spray on Powdery Mildew Epidemics and Major Yield-Attributing Characters of Mungbean · 2002
Same direction
positive
Thiram plus Carbendazim gave the highest germination, 81.66%.
Efficacy of fungicides, bioagents and organic amendment to manage root rot in green gram · 2018
Same direction

3 papers more in this group

See all 7 papers →

carbendazim · disease · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

12 papers: 12 positive, 0 negative or no effect

11 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Carbendazim plus Mancozeb foliar application gave a minimum disease index of 0.9.
Sources of resistance in mungbean genotypes to Cercospora leaf spot disease and its management · 2014
Same direction
positive
Carbendazim inhibited pathogen mycelial growth by 100% and exceeded thiram.
Bioactivity of Trichoderma harzianum isolates against the fungal root rot pathogens with special reference to Macrophomina phaseolina causing dry root rot of mungbean · 2020 · compared with thiram
Same direction
positive
Carbendazim with copper oxychloride, tridemorph and penconazole sprays were equally effective against mildew and increased yield traits.
Influence of Fungicidal Spray on Powdery Mildew Epidemics and Major Yield-Attributing Characters of Mungbean · 2002
Same direction

8 papers more in this group

See all 12 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 15

The same questions in other papers

mancozeb · growth · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

carbendazim · quality: grain · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

Trichoderma harzianum · growth · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

mancozeb · disease · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

carbendazim · growth · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

carbendazim · disease · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree