Abstract
ABSTRACT Nighttime warming decreased single rice production in southern China, while silicate supply increased the yield and stress resistance. It is still unclear regarding the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality in rice under nighttime warming. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality during rice growing period under nighttime warming. The warming was set at two levels, that is, ambient temperature (CK) and nighttime warming (NW). The open passive nighttime warming was used in this study, that is, rice canopy was covered with aluminium foil reflective film at night (19:00–6:00). Silicate fertiliser (steel slag) was applied at two levels, that is, Si 0 (0 kg SiO 2 ·hm −2 ) and Si 1 (200 kg SiO 2 ·hm −2 ). The results indicated that, compared with the control, the average nighttime temperature on rice canopy and at 5 cm soil layer increased by 0.51°C–0.59°C and 0.28°C–0.41°C during the rice growing period, respectively. Under nighttime warming, silicate supply increased the dry weight of shoot, total dry weight of the whole plant and yield by 64.1%, 55.3% and 7.1% at the filling‐maturity stage, respectively. Silicate application significantly reduced dry matter translocation rate with 15%–18%, but significantly increased the root‐shoot ratio with 0.39–0.41 in rice. Under nighttime warming, silicate supply significantly increased milled rice rate, head rice rate and total starch content by 2.3%, 2.5% and 41.8%, respectively. Nighttime warming reduced the yield by decreasing the number of effective panicle, seed setting rate and 1000‐grain weight, but increasing empty chaff grain. Silicate supply increased the yield by increasing the number of effective panicle, filled grains per panicle, seed setting rate and 1000‐grain weight, but reducing empty chaff grain. This study suggests that silicate supply can effectively alleviate the suppressive effects of nighttime warming on single rice growth, yield and quality in Southern China.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Passive nighttime warming raised average nighttime canopy temperature of rice by 0.51°C–0.59°C relative to ambient.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae2 - Treatment
- nighttime warminge1
- Outcome
- average nighttime temperaturee2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 0.51°C–0.59°Ce2
- Qualifier
- on rice canopye2
- Comparator
- ambient temperature (CK)e1
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the average nighttime temperature on rice canopy and at 5 cm soil layer increased by 0.51°C–0.59°C and 0.28°C–0.41°C during the rice growing period”
e1“The warming was set at two levels, that is, ambient temperature (CK) and nighttime warming (NW)”
e0“A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality during rice growing period under nighttime warming”
Claim · model-written summary
Passive nighttime warming raised average nighttime soil temperature at 5 cm by 0.28°C–0.41°C relative to ambient.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- nighttime warminge1
- Outcome
- average nighttime temperaturee2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 0.28°C–0.41°Ce2
- Qualifier
- at 5 cm soil layere2
- Comparator
- ambient temperature (CK)e1
- Setting
- field experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the average nighttime temperature on rice canopy and at 5 cm soil layer increased by 0.51°C–0.59°C and 0.28°C–0.41°C during the rice growing period”
e1“The warming was set at two levels, that is, ambient temperature (CK) and nighttime warming (NW)”
e0“A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality during rice growing period under nighttime warming”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicate supply under nighttime warming increased rice shoot dry weight by 64.1%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- silicate supplye3
- Outcome
- dry weight of shoote3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 64.1%e3
- Qualifier
- Under nighttime warminge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“silicate supply increased the dry weight of shoot, total dry weight of the whole plant and yield by 64.1%, 55.3% and 7.1%”
e0“A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality during rice growing period under nighttime warming”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicate supply under nighttime warming increased rice total dry weight by 55.3%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- silicate supplye3
- Outcome
- total dry weight of the whole plante3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 55.3%e3
- Qualifier
- Under nighttime warminge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“silicate supply increased the dry weight of shoot, total dry weight of the whole plant and yield by 64.1%, 55.3% and 7.1%”
e0“A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality during rice growing period under nighttime warming”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicate supply under nighttime warming increased rice yield by 7.1%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- silicate supplye3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 7.1%e3
- Qualifier
- Under nighttime warminge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“silicate supply increased the dry weight of shoot, total dry weight of the whole plant and yield by 64.1%, 55.3% and 7.1%”
e0“A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality during rice growing period under nighttime warming”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicate application reduced dry matter translocation rate in rice by 15%–18%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Silicate applicatione4
- Outcome
- dry matter translocation ratee4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- 15%–18%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Silicate application significantly reduced dry matter translocation rate with 15%–18%, but significantly increased the root‐shoot ratio with 0.39–0.41 in rice”
e0“A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality during rice growing period under nighttime warming”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicate application increased the root-shoot ratio of rice by 0.39–0.41.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae4
- Treatment
- Silicate applicatione4
- Outcome
- root‐shoot ratioe4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 0.39–0.41e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Silicate application significantly reduced dry matter translocation rate with 15%–18%, but significantly increased the root‐shoot ratio with 0.39–0.41 in rice”
e0“A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality during rice growing period under nighttime warming”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicate supply under nighttime warming increased milled rice rate by 2.3%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Treatment
- silicate supplye5
- Outcome
- milled rice ratee5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 2.3%e5
- Qualifier
- Under nighttime warminge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“silicate supply significantly increased milled rice rate, head rice rate and total starch content by 2.3%, 2.5% and 41.8%”
e0“A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality during rice growing period under nighttime warming”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicate supply under nighttime warming increased head rice rate by 2.5%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Treatment
- silicate supplye5
- Outcome
- head rice ratee5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 2.5%e5
- Qualifier
- Under nighttime warminge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“silicate supply significantly increased milled rice rate, head rice rate and total starch content by 2.3%, 2.5% and 41.8%”
e0“A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality during rice growing period under nighttime warming”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicate supply under nighttime warming increased total starch content of rice by 41.8%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Treatment
- silicate supplye5
- Outcome
- total starch contente5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 41.8%e5
- Qualifier
- Under nighttime warminge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“silicate supply significantly increased milled rice rate, head rice rate and total starch content by 2.3%, 2.5% and 41.8%”
e0“A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality during rice growing period under nighttime warming”
Claim · model-written summary
Nighttime warming reduced rice yield relative to ambient temperature.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Nighttime warminge6
- Outcome
- yielde6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Comparator
- ambient temperature (CK)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Nighttime warming reduced the yield by decreasing the number of effective panicle, seed setting rate and 1000‐grain weight, but increasing empty chaff grain”
e1“The warming was set at two levels, that is, ambient temperature (CK) and nighttime warming (NW)”
e0“A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality during rice growing period under nighttime warming”
Claim · model-written summary
Nighttime warming decreased the number of effective panicles, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight of rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Nighttime warminge6
- Outcome
- number of effective panicle, seed setting rate and 1000‐grain weighte6
- Direction
- decreasinge6
- Comparator
- ambient temperature (CK)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Nighttime warming reduced the yield by decreasing the number of effective panicle, seed setting rate and 1000‐grain weight, but increasing empty chaff grain”
e1“The warming was set at two levels, that is, ambient temperature (CK) and nighttime warming (NW)”
e0“A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality during rice growing period under nighttime warming”
Claim · model-written summary
Nighttime warming increased the empty chaff grain of rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Nighttime warminge6
- Outcome
- empty chaff graine6
- Direction
- increasinge6
- Comparator
- ambient temperature (CK)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Nighttime warming reduced the yield by decreasing the number of effective panicle, seed setting rate and 1000‐grain weight, but increasing empty chaff grain”
e1“The warming was set at two levels, that is, ambient temperature (CK) and nighttime warming (NW)”
e0“A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality during rice growing period under nighttime warming”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicate supply increased the number of effective panicles, filled grains per panicle and seed setting rate of rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Silicate supplye7
- Outcome
- number of effective panicle, filled grains per panicle, seed setting ratee7
- Direction
- increasinge7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Silicate supply increased the yield by increasing the number of effective panicle, filled grains per panicle, seed setting rate and 1000‐grain weight, but reducing empty chaff grain”
e0“A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality during rice growing period under nighttime warming”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicate supply increased the 1000-grain weight of rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Silicate supplye7
- Outcome
- 1000‐grain weighte7
- Direction
- increasinge7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Silicate supply increased the yield by increasing the number of effective panicle, filled grains per panicle, seed setting rate and 1000‐grain weight, but reducing empty chaff grain”
e0“A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality during rice growing period under nighttime warming”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicate supply reduced empty chaff grain of rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Silicate supplye7
- Outcome
- empty chaff graine7
- Direction
- reducinge7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Silicate supply increased the yield by increasing the number of effective panicle, filled grains per panicle, seed setting rate and 1000‐grain weight, but reducing empty chaff grain”
e0“A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality during rice growing period under nighttime warming”
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