Abstract
The application of a diammonium phosphate coating effectively mitigates direct contact between the phosphate fertilizer and the soil, thus minimizing phosphorus fixation. Humic acid holds a pivotal role in augmenting soil quality and activating the soil’s phosphorus reserves. Notably, when combined with humic acid, diammonium phosphate significantly enhances the utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer. However, there is a paucity of literature exploring the dynamics of nutrient transport in soil when humic acid is paired with coated phosphate fertilizers. To assess the impact of the combined application of coated diammonium phosphate and humic acid on wheat yield enhancement, we conducted pot experiments along with leaching and ammonia volatilization simulation tests, aiming to elucidate the effects of this combination on nutrient transport. The study explored the effects of three distinct treatments: coated diammonium phosphate (CP), coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (PHA), and coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (CPHA). The investigation focused on analyzing their impacts on wheat yield, ammonia volatilization, soil-available phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, soil-available potassium, as well as the mobilization and transport of calcium and magnesium in the soil. (1) Compared to the P treatment, the PHA and CP treatments significantly increased grain yield by 17.2% and 13.5%, respectively. The PHA treatment also increased effective panicle number by 12.9%. Overall, the CP, PHA, and CPHA treatments improved grain yield by 13.5%, 17.2%, and 19.1% compared to the P treatment. (2) The CP and PHA treatments reduced available phosphorus by 95.6% and 49.2%, calcium by 2.0% and 67.0%, and magnesium by 11.6% and 46.1% compared to the P treatment. Ammonium nitrogen decreased by 37.0% and 64.3%, while nitrate nitrogen increased by 14.0% in CP and slightly decreased by 0.8% in PHA. In the leaching solution, PHA and CP treatments reduced available phosphorus by 96.7% and 62.5%, increased calcium by 5.0% and 78.9%, decreased ammonium nitrogen by 2.2% and 43.4%, and decreased nitrate nitrogen by 10.6% and 13.0%. The PHA and CPHA treatments increased available phosphorus in the 0–20 cm soil layer by 1.4 times and 25.8%, respectively. (3) The CP treatment reduced ammonia volatilization by 87.0% compared to the P treatment, while the CPHA treatment further reduced it by 87.5% compared to the PHA treatment. The application of coated diammonium phosphate efficiently delays nutrient release and reduces nutrient leaching in the soil. Additionally, the integration of humic acid significantly improves the availability of phosphorus in the soil, minimizing phosphorus loss. Notably, the combined application of humic acid and coated diammonium phosphate leads to a significant increase in soil phosphorus content, subsequently enhancing soil nutrient availability, conserving fertilizer, and ultimately resulting in an improved wheat yield.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
CP increased wheat grain yield by 13.5% relative to the P treatment in pot experiments.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- graine1
- Treatment
- coated diammonium phosphate (CP)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 13.5%e1
- Comparator
- P treatmente1
- Setting
- pot experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared to the P treatment, the PHA and CP treatments significantly increased grain yield by 17.2% and 13.5%, respectively. The PHA treatment also increased effective panicle number by 12.9%”
e0“we conducted pot experiments along with leaching and ammonia volatilization simulation tests, aiming to elucidate the effects of this combination on nutrient transport. The study explored the effects of three distinct treatments: coated diammonium phosphate (CP), coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (PHA), and coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (CPHA)”
t0“Wheat Production”
Claim · model-written summary
PHA increased wheat grain yield by 17.2% relative to the P treatment in pot experiments.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- graine1
- Treatment
- coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (PHA)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 17.2%e1
- Comparator
- P treatmente1
- Setting
- pot experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared to the P treatment, the PHA and CP treatments significantly increased grain yield by 17.2% and 13.5%, respectively. The PHA treatment also increased effective panicle number by 12.9%”
e0“we conducted pot experiments along with leaching and ammonia volatilization simulation tests, aiming to elucidate the effects of this combination on nutrient transport. The study explored the effects of three distinct treatments: coated diammonium phosphate (CP), coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (PHA), and coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (CPHA)”
t0“Wheat Production”
Claim · model-written summary
CPHA improved wheat grain yield by 19.1% compared to the P treatment.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (CPHA)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Value
- 19.1%e2
- Comparator
- P treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Overall, the CP, PHA, and CPHA treatments improved grain yield by 13.5%, 17.2%, and 19.1% compared to the P treatment”
e0“we conducted pot experiments along with leaching and ammonia volatilization simulation tests, aiming to elucidate the effects of this combination on nutrient transport. The study explored the effects of three distinct treatments: coated diammonium phosphate (CP), coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (PHA), and coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (CPHA)”
t0“Wheat Production”
Claim · model-written summary
PHA increased effective panicle number of wheat by 12.9%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (PHA)e0
- Outcome
- effective panicle numbere1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 12.9%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared to the P treatment, the PHA and CP treatments significantly increased grain yield by 17.2% and 13.5%, respectively. The PHA treatment also increased effective panicle number by 12.9%”
e0“we conducted pot experiments along with leaching and ammonia volatilization simulation tests, aiming to elucidate the effects of this combination on nutrient transport. The study explored the effects of three distinct treatments: coated diammonium phosphate (CP), coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (PHA), and coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (CPHA)”
t0“Wheat Production”
Claim · model-written summary
CP reduced soil available phosphorus by 95.6% compared to the P treatment.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- coated diammonium phosphate (CP)e0
- Outcome
- available phosphoruse3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 95.6%e3
- Comparator
- P treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The CP and PHA treatments reduced available phosphorus by 95.6% and 49.2%, calcium by 2.0% and 67.0%, and magnesium by 11.6% and 46.1% compared to the P treatment”
e0“we conducted pot experiments along with leaching and ammonia volatilization simulation tests, aiming to elucidate the effects of this combination on nutrient transport. The study explored the effects of three distinct treatments: coated diammonium phosphate (CP), coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (PHA), and coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (CPHA)”
t0“Wheat Production”
Claim · model-written summary
PHA reduced soil available phosphorus by 49.2% compared to the P treatment.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (PHA)e0
- Outcome
- available phosphoruse3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 49.2%e3
- Comparator
- P treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The CP and PHA treatments reduced available phosphorus by 95.6% and 49.2%, calcium by 2.0% and 67.0%, and magnesium by 11.6% and 46.1% compared to the P treatment”
e0“we conducted pot experiments along with leaching and ammonia volatilization simulation tests, aiming to elucidate the effects of this combination on nutrient transport. The study explored the effects of three distinct treatments: coated diammonium phosphate (CP), coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (PHA), and coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (CPHA)”
t0“Wheat Production”
Claim · model-written summary
CP reduced soil calcium by 2.0% compared to the P treatment (PHA reduced it by 67.0%).
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- coated diammonium phosphate (CP)e0
- Outcome
- calciume3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 2.0%e3
- Qualifier
- and 67.0%e3
- Comparator
- P treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The CP and PHA treatments reduced available phosphorus by 95.6% and 49.2%, calcium by 2.0% and 67.0%, and magnesium by 11.6% and 46.1% compared to the P treatment”
e0“we conducted pot experiments along with leaching and ammonia volatilization simulation tests, aiming to elucidate the effects of this combination on nutrient transport. The study explored the effects of three distinct treatments: coated diammonium phosphate (CP), coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (PHA), and coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (CPHA)”
t0“Wheat Production”
Claim · model-written summary
CP reduced soil magnesium by 11.6% compared to the P treatment (PHA reduced it by 46.1%).
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- coated diammonium phosphate (CP)e0
- Outcome
- magnesiume3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 11.6%e3
- Qualifier
- and 46.1%e3
- Comparator
- P treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The CP and PHA treatments reduced available phosphorus by 95.6% and 49.2%, calcium by 2.0% and 67.0%, and magnesium by 11.6% and 46.1% compared to the P treatment”
e0“we conducted pot experiments along with leaching and ammonia volatilization simulation tests, aiming to elucidate the effects of this combination on nutrient transport. The study explored the effects of three distinct treatments: coated diammonium phosphate (CP), coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (PHA), and coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (CPHA)”
t0“Wheat Production”
Claim · model-written summary
CP decreased soil ammonium nitrogen by 37.0% compared to the P treatment (PHA decreased it by 64.3%).
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- coated diammonium phosphate (CP)e0
- Outcome
- Ammonium nitrogene4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 37.0%e4
- Qualifier
- and 64.3%e4
- Comparator
- P treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Ammonium nitrogen decreased by 37.0% and 64.3%, while nitrate nitrogen increased by 14.0% in CP and slightly decreased by 0.8% in PHA”
e3“The CP and PHA treatments reduced available phosphorus by 95.6% and 49.2%, calcium by 2.0% and 67.0%, and magnesium by 11.6% and 46.1% compared to the P treatment”
e0“we conducted pot experiments along with leaching and ammonia volatilization simulation tests, aiming to elucidate the effects of this combination on nutrient transport. The study explored the effects of three distinct treatments: coated diammonium phosphate (CP), coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (PHA), and coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (CPHA)”
t0“Wheat Production”
Claim · model-written summary
CP increased soil nitrate nitrogen by 14.0% compared to the P treatment (PHA slightly decreased it by 0.8%).
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- coated diammonium phosphate (CP)e0
- Outcome
- nitrate nitrogene4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 14.0%e4
- Qualifier
- slightly decreased by 0.8% in PHAe4
- Comparator
- P treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Ammonium nitrogen decreased by 37.0% and 64.3%, while nitrate nitrogen increased by 14.0% in CP and slightly decreased by 0.8% in PHA”
e3“The CP and PHA treatments reduced available phosphorus by 95.6% and 49.2%, calcium by 2.0% and 67.0%, and magnesium by 11.6% and 46.1% compared to the P treatment”
e0“we conducted pot experiments along with leaching and ammonia volatilization simulation tests, aiming to elucidate the effects of this combination on nutrient transport. The study explored the effects of three distinct treatments: coated diammonium phosphate (CP), coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (PHA), and coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (CPHA)”
t0“Wheat Production”
Claim · model-written summary
PHA reduced available phosphorus in the leaching solution by 96.7% (CP reduced it by 62.5%).
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (PHA)e0
- Outcome
- available phosphoruse5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 96.7%e5
- Qualifier
- and 62.5%e5
- Setting
- leaching solutione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In the leaching solution, PHA and CP treatments reduced available phosphorus by 96.7% and 62.5%, increased calcium by 5.0% and 78.9%, decreased ammonium nitrogen by 2.2% and 43.4%, and decreased nitrate nitrogen by 10.6% and 13.0%”
e0“we conducted pot experiments along with leaching and ammonia volatilization simulation tests, aiming to elucidate the effects of this combination on nutrient transport. The study explored the effects of three distinct treatments: coated diammonium phosphate (CP), coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (PHA), and coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (CPHA)”
t0“Wheat Production”
Claim · model-written summary
CP increased calcium in the leaching solution by 78.9% (PHA increased it by 5.0%).
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- coated diammonium phosphate (CP)e0
- Outcome
- calciume5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 78.9%e5
- Qualifier
- 5.0%e5
- Setting
- leaching solutione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In the leaching solution, PHA and CP treatments reduced available phosphorus by 96.7% and 62.5%, increased calcium by 5.0% and 78.9%, decreased ammonium nitrogen by 2.2% and 43.4%, and decreased nitrate nitrogen by 10.6% and 13.0%”
e0“we conducted pot experiments along with leaching and ammonia volatilization simulation tests, aiming to elucidate the effects of this combination on nutrient transport. The study explored the effects of three distinct treatments: coated diammonium phosphate (CP), coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (PHA), and coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (CPHA)”
t0“Wheat Production”
Claim · model-written summary
CP decreased ammonium nitrogen in the leaching solution by 43.4% (PHA decreased it by 2.2%).
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- coated diammonium phosphate (CP)e0
- Outcome
- ammonium nitrogene5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 43.4%e5
- Qualifier
- 2.2%e5
- Setting
- leaching solutione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In the leaching solution, PHA and CP treatments reduced available phosphorus by 96.7% and 62.5%, increased calcium by 5.0% and 78.9%, decreased ammonium nitrogen by 2.2% and 43.4%, and decreased nitrate nitrogen by 10.6% and 13.0%”
e0“we conducted pot experiments along with leaching and ammonia volatilization simulation tests, aiming to elucidate the effects of this combination on nutrient transport. The study explored the effects of three distinct treatments: coated diammonium phosphate (CP), coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (PHA), and coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (CPHA)”
t0“Wheat Production”
Claim · model-written summary
CP decreased nitrate nitrogen in the leaching solution by 13.0% (PHA decreased it by 10.6%).
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- coated diammonium phosphate (CP)e0
- Outcome
- nitrate nitrogene5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 13.0%e5
- Qualifier
- 10.6%e5
- Setting
- leaching solutione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In the leaching solution, PHA and CP treatments reduced available phosphorus by 96.7% and 62.5%, increased calcium by 5.0% and 78.9%, decreased ammonium nitrogen by 2.2% and 43.4%, and decreased nitrate nitrogen by 10.6% and 13.0%”
e0“we conducted pot experiments along with leaching and ammonia volatilization simulation tests, aiming to elucidate the effects of this combination on nutrient transport. The study explored the effects of three distinct treatments: coated diammonium phosphate (CP), coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (PHA), and coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (CPHA)”
t0“Wheat Production”
Claim · model-written summary
PHA increased available phosphorus in the 0–20 cm soil layer by 1.4 times.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (PHA)e0
- Outcome
- available phosphoruse6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 1.4 timese6
- Setting
- 0–20 cm soil layere6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The PHA and CPHA treatments increased available phosphorus in the 0–20 cm soil layer by 1.4 times and 25.8%, respectively”
e0“we conducted pot experiments along with leaching and ammonia volatilization simulation tests, aiming to elucidate the effects of this combination on nutrient transport. The study explored the effects of three distinct treatments: coated diammonium phosphate (CP), coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (PHA), and coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (CPHA)”
t0“Wheat Production”
Claim · model-written summary
CPHA increased available phosphorus in the 0–20 cm soil layer by 25.8%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (CPHA)e0
- Outcome
- available phosphoruse6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 25.8%e6
- Setting
- 0–20 cm soil layere6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The PHA and CPHA treatments increased available phosphorus in the 0–20 cm soil layer by 1.4 times and 25.8%, respectively”
e0“we conducted pot experiments along with leaching and ammonia volatilization simulation tests, aiming to elucidate the effects of this combination on nutrient transport. The study explored the effects of three distinct treatments: coated diammonium phosphate (CP), coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (PHA), and coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (CPHA)”
t0“Wheat Production”
Claim · model-written summary
CP reduced ammonia volatilization by 87.0% compared to the P treatment in simulation tests.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- coated diammonium phosphate (CP)e0
- Outcome
- ammonia volatilizatione7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Value
- 87.0%e7
- Comparator
- P treatmente7
- Setting
- simulation testse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The CP treatment reduced ammonia volatilization by 87.0% compared to the P treatment, while the CPHA treatment further reduced it by 87.5% compared to the PHA treatment”
e0“we conducted pot experiments along with leaching and ammonia volatilization simulation tests, aiming to elucidate the effects of this combination on nutrient transport. The study explored the effects of three distinct treatments: coated diammonium phosphate (CP), coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (PHA), and coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (CPHA)”
t0“Wheat Production”
Claim · model-written summary
CPHA further reduced ammonia volatilization by 87.5% compared to the PHA treatment.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (CPHA)e0
- Outcome
- ammonia volatilizatione7
- Direction
- further reducede7
- Value
- 87.5%e7
- Comparator
- PHA treatmente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The CP treatment reduced ammonia volatilization by 87.0% compared to the P treatment, while the CPHA treatment further reduced it by 87.5% compared to the PHA treatment”
e0“we conducted pot experiments along with leaching and ammonia volatilization simulation tests, aiming to elucidate the effects of this combination on nutrient transport. The study explored the effects of three distinct treatments: coated diammonium phosphate (CP), coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (PHA), and coated diammonium phosphate combined with humic acid (CPHA)”
t0“Wheat Production”
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