Abstract
A field experiment was undertaken at Farming Systems Research Station (FSRS), Sadanandapuram, Kollam district, Kerala Agricultural University in summer 2022 for studying the effect of growth, yield attributes and yield of cowpea through foliar application of 2% urea and intensity of leaf harvesting. Experimental treatments comprised of 4 levels of foliar nutrition management (2% urea spray at vegetative stage (f1), 2% urea spray at flowering stage (f2), 2% urea spray at vegetative stage and flowering stage (f3), water spray control (f4) and 3 levels of leaf harvest (20% leaf harvest (l1), 40% leaf harvest (l2), and no leaf harvest (l3). Among the foliar nutrition management treatments, f3 showed significantly the taller plants (91.97 cm), more number of branches (15.13), leaves (34.76), leaf area/ plant (884.29 cm2), leaf area index (1.96) dry matter production (42.39 g) and chlorophyll content (3.544 mg/g) and were comparable with f1. The nodule parameters such as nodule number (37.44) and effective number of nodules (32.11) were the highest in treatment f3 and was on par with f1. Further, days to 50 per cent flowering (53.65 days), pod length (17.27 cm), 100 seed weight (12.40 g), pod number (24.58), foliage yield (1484.57 kg ha-1), grain yield (925.85 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (2722.70 kg ha-1) were the highest in treatment f3 and was on par with f1 except for pod weight (21.19 g). Among the leaf harvest intensity, treatment l3 recorded the taller plants (92.45 cm), leaf area per plant (902.71cm2) leaf area index (2.01), less days to 50% flowering (47.60 days) and haulm yield (2754.85 kg ha-1). It was on par with l1 pertaining to plant height. The number of branches (15.03), dry matter production per plant (40.78g), pod weight/plant (19.43 g), pod number/plant (23.59) and grain yield (925.85 kg ha-1) were the highest in treatment l1.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar urea at vegetative and flowering stages gave taller plants, 91.97 cm.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- 2% urea spray at vegetative stage and flowering stage (f3)e1
- Outcome
- taller plantse0
- Direction
- tallere0
- Value
- 91.97 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“f3 showed significantly the taller plants (91.97 cm)”
e1“2% urea spray at vegetative stage and flowering stage (f3)”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The same foliar treatment produced 15.13 branches.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 2% urea spray at vegetative stage and flowering stage (f3)e1
- Outcome
- number of branchese0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 15.13e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more number of branches (15.13)”
e1“2% urea spray at vegetative stage and flowering stage (f3)”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The same foliar treatment produced 34.76 leaves.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 2% urea spray at vegetative stage and flowering stage (f3)e1
- Outcome
- leavese0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 34.76e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaves (34.76)”
e1“2% urea spray at vegetative stage and flowering stage (f3)”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The same foliar treatment produced 884.29 cm2 leaf area per plant.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 2% urea spray at vegetative stage and flowering stage (f3)e1
- Outcome
- leaf area/ plante0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 884.29 cm2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf area/ plant (884.29 cm2)”
e1“2% urea spray at vegetative stage and flowering stage (f3)”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The same foliar treatment produced leaf area index 1.96.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 2% urea spray at vegetative stage and flowering stage (f3)e1
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 1.96e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf area index (1.96)”
e1“2% urea spray at vegetative stage and flowering stage (f3)”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The same foliar treatment produced 42.39 g dry matter.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 2% urea spray at vegetative stage and flowering stage (f3)e1
- Outcome
- dry matter productione0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 42.39 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry matter production (42.39 g)”
e1“2% urea spray at vegetative stage and flowering stage (f3)”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The same foliar treatment produced 3.544 mg/g chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 2% urea spray at vegetative stage and flowering stage (f3)e1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 3.544 mg/ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll content (3.544 mg/g)”
e1“2% urea spray at vegetative stage and flowering stage (f3)”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The same foliar treatment had the highest nodule number, 37.44.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nodule number (37.44) and effective number of nodules (32.11) were the highest in treatment f3”
e1“2% urea spray at vegetative stage and flowering stage (f3)”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The same foliar treatment had the highest effective nodule number, 32.11.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- f3e0
- Outcome
- effective number of nodulese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 32.11e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effective number of nodules (32.11) were the highest in treatment f3”
e1“2% urea spray at vegetative stage and flowering stage (f3)”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The same foliar treatment had 53.65 days to half flowering, reported among the highest results.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- f3e1
- Outcome
- days to 50 per cent floweringe0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 53.65 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“days to 50 per cent flowering (53.65 days)”
e1“2% urea spray at vegetative stage and flowering stage (f3)”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The same foliar treatment had pod length 17.27 cm.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- f3e1
- Outcome
- pod lengthe0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 17.27 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pod length (17.27 cm)”
e1“2% urea spray at vegetative stage and flowering stage (f3)”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The same foliar treatment had 100 seed weight 12.40 g.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- f3e1
- Outcome
- 100 seed weighte0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 12.40 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100 seed weight (12.40 g)”
e1“2% urea spray at vegetative stage and flowering stage (f3)”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The same foliar treatment had 24.58 pods.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- f3e1
- Outcome
- pod numbere0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 24.58e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pod number (24.58)”
e1“2% urea spray at vegetative stage and flowering stage (f3)”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The same foliar treatment yielded 1484.57 kg ha-1 foliage.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- f3e1
- Outcome
- foliage yielde0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 1484.57 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliage yield (1484.57 kg ha-1)”
e1“2% urea spray at vegetative stage and flowering stage (f3)”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The same foliar treatment yielded 925.85 kg ha-1 grain.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- f3e1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 925.85 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliage yield (1484.57 kg ha-1), grain yield (925.85 kg ha-1)”
e1“2% urea spray at vegetative stage and flowering stage (f3)”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The same foliar treatment yielded 2722.70 kg ha-1 haulm.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- f3e1
- Outcome
- haulm yielde0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 2722.70 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“haulm yield (2722.70 kg ha-1)”
e1“2% urea spray at vegetative stage and flowering stage (f3)”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
No leaf harvest produced taller plants, greater leaf area and leaf area index, and higher haulm yield.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- no leaf harvest (l3)e1
- Outcome
- taller plantse0
- Direction
- tallere0
- Value
- 92.45 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment l3 recorded the taller plants (92.45 cm), leaf area per plant (902.71cm2) leaf area index (2.01), less days to 50% flowering (47.60 days) and haulm yield (2754.85 kg ha-1)”
e1“no leaf harvest (l3)”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
No leaf harvest produced 902.71cm2 leaf area per plant, leaf area index 2.01, flowering at 47.60 days and 2754.85 kg ha-1 haulm yield.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- no leaf harvest (l3)e1
- Outcome
- leaf area per plante0
- Value
- 902.71cm2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf area per plant (902.71cm2) leaf area index (2.01), less days to 50% flowering (47.60 days) and haulm yield (2754.85 kg ha-1)”
e1“no leaf harvest (l3)”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
A 20% leaf harvest gave the most branches, dry matter, pod weight and pod number.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 20% leaf harvest (l1)e1
- Outcome
- number of branchese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 15.03e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of branches (15.03), dry matter production per plant (40.78g), pod weight/plant (19.43 g), pod number/plant (23.59) and grain yield (925.85 kg ha-1) were the highest in treatment l1”
e1“20% leaf harvest (l1)”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
A 20% leaf harvest gave the highest grain yield, 925.85 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 20% leaf harvest (l1)e1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 925.85 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield (925.85 kg ha-1) were the highest in treatment l1”
e1“20% leaf harvest (l1)”
t0“cowpea”
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See all 126 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.