Abstract
The effects of water stress and planting density on the competitive relationships, yield performance, and dynamics in canopy dominance of cowpea [Vigna sinensis (L.) Savi ex Hassk] and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) grown in pure and mixed stands were investigated under glasshouse and field conditions. Results showed that water stress at early growth stages reduced plant height, shoot dry weight, leaf area, leaf dry weight and lowered pod dry weight of cowpea, and inflorescence dry weight of A. retroflexus. The effect on both species was more pronounced at high planting densities as a result of severe intraspecific competition. In pure stands, cowpea was affected more than A. retroflexus and the effect was more pronounced on reproductive organs development. Growth analysis of both species grown in pure stands for different periods indicated that leaf area was the most descriptive variable in shoot dry weight and total dry weight of both species at early growth stage. A. retroflexus grew at a faster rate with higher net assimilation rate per unit leaf area and allocated more resources to leaves and roots than did cowpea. Results showed that A. retroflexus was stronger competitor than cowpea. Competition reduced growth and competitive abilities of both species mainly by reducing leaf area early in growth but the effect was more pronounced on cowpea.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Early water stress reduced cowpea height, shoot dry weight, leaf area, and leaf dry weight.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Treatment
- water stress at early growth stagese0
- Outcome
- plant height, shoot dry weight, leaf area, leaf dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water stress at early growth stages reduced plant height, shoot dry weight, leaf area, leaf dry weight and lowered pod dry weight of cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Early water stress lowered cowpea pod dry weight.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- water stress at early growth stagese0
- Outcome
- pod dry weighte0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water stress at early growth stages reduced plant height, shoot dry weight, leaf area, leaf dry weight and lowered pod dry weight of cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Early water stress lowered redroot pigweed inflorescence dry weight.
- Taxon
- A. retroflexus
Amaranthus retroflexuse0 - Treatment
- water stress at early growth stagese0
- Outcome
- inflorescence dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water stress at early growth stages reduced plant height, shoot dry weight, leaf area, leaf dry weight and lowered pod dry weight of cowpea, and inflorescence dry weight of A. retroflexus”
Claim · model-written summary
Effects of water stress were more pronounced at high planting densities in both species.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- effect on both speciese0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Setting
- high planting densitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect on both species was more pronounced at high planting densities as a result of severe intraspecific competition.”
t0“Cowpea [Vigna Sinensis (L.) Savi Ex Hassk.] and Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In pure stands, cowpea was more affected than redroot pigweed, especially in reproductive organs.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Interactor
- A. retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexuse0weed
- Outcome
- reproductive organs developmente0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Comparator
- A. retroflexuse0
- Setting
- pure standse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In pure stands, cowpea was affected more than A. retroflexus and the effect was more pronounced on reproductive organs development.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf area best described shoot and total dry weight of both species at early growth stage.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- early growth stagee0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weight and total dry weighte0
- Direction
- most descriptivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf area was the most descriptive variable in shoot dry weight and total dry weight of both species at early growth stage”
t0“Cowpea [Vigna Sinensis (L.) Savi Ex Hassk.] and Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Redroot pigweed grew faster and had higher net assimilation per unit leaf area than cowpea.
- Taxon
- A. retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexuse0
- Interactor
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0other
- Outcome
- net assimilation rate per unit leaf areae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- cowpeae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. retroflexus grew at a faster rate with higher net assimilation rate per unit leaf area and allocated more resources to leaves and roots than did cowpea.”
Claim · model-written summary
Redroot pigweed allocated more resources to leaves and roots than cowpea.
- Taxon
- A. retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexuse0
- Interactor
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0other
- Outcome
- resources to leaves and rootse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- cowpeae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. retroflexus grew at a faster rate with higher net assimilation rate per unit leaf area and allocated more resources to leaves and roots than did cowpea.”
Claim · model-written summary
Redroot pigweed was a stronger competitor than cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Interactor
- A. retroflexusAmaranthus retroflexuse0weed
- Outcome
- stronger competitore0
- Direction
- strongere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. retroflexus was stronger competitor than cowpea.”
Claim · model-written summary
Competition reduced growth of both species, chiefly through reduced early leaf area, with a larger effect on cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Interactor
- Redroot Pigweedt0weed
- Outcome
- growth and competitive abilitiese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- reducing leaf area early in growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Competition reduced growth and competitive abilities of both species mainly by reducing leaf area early in growth but the effect was more pronounced on cowpea.”
t0“Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.)”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.