Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm of the College of Agriculture, Chiplima, Sambalpur, Odisha for two consecutive years (2019 and 2020) in kharif seasons where submergence tolerant rice (Cultivar ‘Swarna sub 1’) was taken as test crop to investigate the effect of nursery management on seedling vigour and post flood survival of rice (Oryza sativa L.) as well as to study its subsequent effect on growth and yield under submergence. Application of fertilizers and sowing of the pre germinated seeds were done as per the treatments. The Main field lay out was done as per the nursery lay out. A common Fertilizer dose of N:P2O5:K2O at 80:40:40kg ha-1 was applied in the main field. Plants were completely submerged at 10 DAT with a water depth of 1.1 meter for a period of 15 days. From the experimental findings it revealed that application of N:P2O5:K2O at 100:40:40 kg ha-1 in the rice nursery produced the highest dry matter production plant-1, seedling length and leaf area seedling-1 at transplanting in nursery and was comparable with application of N:P2O5:K2O at 80:40:40 kg ha-1 (25 kg N ha-1 from FYM at 5 t ha-1). The lower seeding density of 40 g m-2 and seedlings of 40 days old registered significantly higher dry matter production, seedling length and leaf area seedling-1 in nursery than the higher seeding density of 60 g m-2 and seedlings of 30 days old respectively. The highest survival of plants after de submergence in the main field was recorded with application of N:P2O5:K2O at 80:40:40 kg ha-1 (25 kg N ha-1 from FYM at 5 t ha-1) which was significantly higher than all other nutrient treatments. The lower seeding density of 40 g m-2 and seedlings of 40 days registered significantly higher post flood survival % than the higher seeding density of 60 g m-2 and seedlings of 30 days old, respectively. The chlorophyll content of rice leaves before submergence was significantly higher in the treatment receiving N:P2O5:K2O at 100:40:40 kg ha-1 (N4) than all other nutrient management practices. The lower seeding density of 40 g m-2 (D1) and the seedlings of 30 days (T1) recorded significantly higher chlorophyll content in rice leaves before submergence as compared to higher seeding density of 60 g m-2 (D2) and older seedlings of 40 days (T2). Application of N:P2O5:K2O at 80:40:40 kg ha-1 (N2) in the main plot treatment of rice nursery recorded the highest value of chlorophyll after de-submergence which was statistically at par with application of N:P2O5:K2O at 100:40:40 kg ha-1 (N4) and was significantly higher than that of other nutrient management treatments. The lower seeding density of 40 g m-2 (D1) in the nursery resulted significantly higher chlorophyll content in rice leaves just after de-submergence than higher seeding density of 60 g m-2 (D2). The older seedlings of 40 days (T2) produced significantly higher chlorophyll content of leaves after de-submergence than that of younger seedlings of 30 day (T1). Application of N:P2O5:K2O at 80:40:40 kg ha-1 (N2) in the main plot treatment of rice nursery recorded significantly higher value of dry matter production m-2 than all other nutrient treatments in the main field at 45 DAT, 105 DAT and at harvest. This treatment also recorded significantly higher grain yield, straw yield and return rupees-1 invested than all other nutrient treatments. The lower seeding density of 40 g m-2 (D1) in the nursery and older seedlings of 40 days recorded significantly higher dry matter production at 45 DAT, 75 DAT and at harvest as well as significantly higher grain yield, straw yield and return rupees-1 invested than higher seeding density of 60 g m-2 (D2) in the nursery and younger seedlings of 30 days, respectively.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at 100:40:40 kg/ha in the nursery gave the highest dry matter production per plant, seedling length and leaf area per seedling at transplanting, comparable with 80:40:40.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- N:P2O5:K2O at 100:40:40 kg ha-1e1
- Outcome
- dry matter production plant-1, seedling length and leaf area seedling-1e1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Comparator
- N:P2O5:K2O at 80:40:40 kg ha-1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“application of N:P2O5:K2O at 100:40:40 kg ha-1 in the rice nursery produced the highest dry matter production plant-1, seedling length and leaf area seedling-1 at transplanting in nursery and was comparable with application of N:P2O5:K2O at 80:40:40 kg ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower seeding density of 40 g/m2 gave significantly higher dry matter production, seedling length and leaf area per seedling in the nursery than 60 g/m2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- lower seeding density of 40 g m-2e1
- Outcome
- dry matter production, seedling length and leaf area seedling-1e1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- higher seeding density of 60 g m-2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“The lower seeding density of 40 g m-2 and seedlings of 40 days old registered significantly higher dry matter production, seedling length and leaf area seedling-1 in nursery than the higher seeding density of 60 g m-2 and seedlings of 30 days old respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedlings of 40 days old gave significantly higher dry matter production, seedling length and leaf area per seedling in the nursery than seedlings of 30 days old.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- seedlings of 40 days olde1
- Outcome
- dry matter production, seedling length and leaf area seedling-1e1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- seedlings of 30 days olde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“The lower seeding density of 40 g m-2 and seedlings of 40 days old registered significantly higher dry matter production, seedling length and leaf area seedling-1 in nursery than the higher seeding density of 60 g m-2 and seedlings of 30 days old respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at 80:40:40 kg/ha (25 kg N/ha from FYM) gave the highest post-submergence survival of plants in the main field, significantly higher than all other nutrient treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N:P2O5:K2O at 80:40:40 kg ha-1 (25 kg N ha-1 from FYM at 5 t ha-1)e1
- Outcome
- survival of plants after de submergencee1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Comparator
- all other nutrient treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“The highest survival of plants after de submergence in the main field was recorded with application of N:P2O5:K2O at 80:40:40 kg ha-1 (25 kg N ha-1 from FYM at 5 t ha-1) which was significantly higher than all other nutrient treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower seeding density of 40 g/m2 gave significantly higher post-flood survival than 60 g/m2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- lower seeding density of 40 g m-2e1
- Outcome
- post flood survival %e1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- higher seeding density of 60 g m-2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“The lower seeding density of 40 g m-2 and seedlings of 40 days registered significantly higher post flood survival % than the higher seeding density of 60 g m-2 and seedlings of 30 days old, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedlings of 40 days gave significantly higher post-flood survival than seedlings of 30 days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- seedlings of 40 dayse1
- Outcome
- post flood survival %e1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- seedlings of 30 days olde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“The lower seeding density of 40 g m-2 and seedlings of 40 days registered significantly higher post flood survival % than the higher seeding density of 60 g m-2 and seedlings of 30 days old, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll content of rice leaves before submergence was significantly higher with 100:40:40 kg/ha than with all other nutrient management practices.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rice leaves before submergencee1
- Treatment
- N:P2O5:K2O at 100:40:40 kg ha-1 (N4)e1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- all other nutrient management practicese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“The chlorophyll content of rice leaves before submergence was significantly higher in the treatment receiving N:P2O5:K2O at 100:40:40 kg ha-1 (N4) than all other nutrient management practices”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower seeding density of 40 g/m2 gave significantly higher chlorophyll content in rice leaves before submergence than 60 g/m2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rice leaves before submergencee1
- Treatment
- lower seeding density of 40 g m-2e1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- higher seeding density of 60 g m-2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“The lower seeding density of 40 g m-2 (D1) and the seedlings of 30 days (T1) recorded significantly higher chlorophyll content in rice leaves before submergence as compared to higher seeding density of 60 g m-2”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedlings of 30 days gave significantly higher chlorophyll content in rice leaves before submergence than seedlings of 40 days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rice leaves before submergencee1
- Treatment
- seedlings of 30 dayse1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- older seedlings of 40 dayse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“the seedlings of 30 days (T1) recorded significantly higher chlorophyll content in rice leaves before submergence”
e2“and older seedlings of 40 days (T2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at 80:40:40 kg/ha gave the highest chlorophyll content after de-submergence, statistically at par with 100:40:40 and significantly higher than other nutrient treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N:P2O5:K2O at 80:40:40 kg ha-1 (N2)e1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll after de-submergencee1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Qualifier
- statistically at par withe1
- Comparator
- other nutrient management treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“Application of N:P2O5:K2O at 80:40:40 kg ha-1 (N2) in the main plot treatment of rice nursery recorded the highest value of chlorophyll after de-submergence which was statistically at par with application of N:P2O5:K2O at 100:40:40 kg ha-1 (N4) and was significantly higher than that of other nutrient management treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower seeding density of 40 g/m2 gave significantly higher chlorophyll content in rice leaves just after de-submergence than 60 g/m2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rice leaves just after de-submergencee1
- Treatment
- lower seeding density of 40 g m-2e1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- higher seeding density of 60 g m-2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“The lower seeding density of 40 g m-2 (D1) in the nursery resulted significantly higher chlorophyll content in rice leaves just after de-submergence than higher seeding density of 60 g m-2”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedlings of 40 days produced significantly higher chlorophyll content in leaves after de-submergence than seedlings of 30 days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leaves after de-submergencee1
- Treatment
- older seedlings of 40 dayse1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- younger seedlings of 30 daye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“The older seedlings of 40 days (T2) produced significantly higher chlorophyll content of leaves after de-submergence than that of younger seedlings of 30 day (T1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at 80:40:40 kg/ha gave significantly higher dry matter production per m2 than all other nutrient treatments at 45 DAT, 105 DAT and at harvest.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N:P2O5:K2O at 80:40:40 kg ha-1 (N2)e1
- Outcome
- dry matter production m-2e1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- at 45 DAT, 105 DAT and at harveste1
- Comparator
- all other nutrient treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“Application of N:P2O5:K2O at 80:40:40 kg ha-1 (N2) in the main plot treatment of rice nursery recorded significantly higher value of dry matter production m-2 than all other nutrient treatments in the main field at 45 DAT, 105 DAT and at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at 80:40:40 kg/ha gave significantly higher grain yield, straw yield and return per rupee invested than all other nutrient treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N:P2O5:K2O at 80:40:40 kg ha-1 (N2)e2
- Outcome
- grain yield, straw yield and return rupees-1 investede1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- all other nutrient treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“This treatment also recorded significantly higher grain yield, straw yield and return rupees-1 invested than all other nutrient treatments”
e2“Application of N:P2O5:K2O at 80:40:40 kg ha-1 (N2) in the main plot treatment of rice nursery recorded significantly higher value of dry matter production m-2”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower seeding density of 40 g/m2 gave significantly higher dry matter production at 45 DAT, 75 DAT and at harvest than 60 g/m2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- lower seeding density of 40 g m-2e1
- Outcome
- dry matter productione1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- at 45 DAT, 75 DAT and at harveste1
- Comparator
- higher seeding density of 60 g m-2e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“The lower seeding density of 40 g m-2 (D1) in the nursery and older seedlings of 40 days recorded significantly higher dry matter production at 45 DAT, 75 DAT and at harvest”
e2“significantly higher grain yield, straw yield and return rupees-1 invested than higher seeding density of 60 g m-2”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower seeding density of 40 g/m2 gave significantly higher grain yield, straw yield and return per rupee invested than 60 g/m2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- lower seeding density of 40 g m-2e1
- Outcome
- grain yield, straw yield and return rupees-1 investede2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- higher seeding density of 60 g m-2e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“The lower seeding density of 40 g m-2 (D1) in the nursery and older seedlings of 40 days recorded significantly higher dry matter production at 45 DAT, 75 DAT and at harvest”
e2“significantly higher grain yield, straw yield and return rupees-1 invested than higher seeding density of 60 g m-2”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedlings of 40 days gave significantly higher dry matter production at 45 DAT, 75 DAT and at harvest than seedlings of 30 days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- older seedlings of 40 dayse1
- Outcome
- dry matter productione1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- at 45 DAT, 75 DAT and at harveste1
- Comparator
- younger seedlings of 30 dayse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“The lower seeding density of 40 g m-2 (D1) in the nursery and older seedlings of 40 days recorded significantly higher dry matter production at 45 DAT, 75 DAT and at harvest”
e2“and younger seedlings of 30 days, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedlings of 40 days gave significantly higher grain yield, straw yield and return per rupee invested than seedlings of 30 days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- older seedlings of 40 dayse1
- Outcome
- grain yield, straw yield and return rupees-1 investede2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- younger seedlings of 30 dayse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“The lower seeding density of 40 g m-2 (D1) in the nursery and older seedlings of 40 days recorded significantly higher dry matter production at 45 DAT, 75 DAT and at harvest”
e2“significantly higher grain yield, straw yield and return rupees-1 invested than higher seeding density of 60 g m-2”
e3“and younger seedlings of 30 days, respectively”
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8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.