Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is a notorious insect pest of rice. Nutrient supplementation can alter plant biochemical compositions which may indirectly affect on ecological fitness parameters of its insect pest. However, few findings are available on nutrient-induced ecological fitness of BPH and relationship of BPH fitness parameters with its host rice plant biochemical contents. We studied the main and interaction effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) inputs on BPH fitness, as measured by the following variables: nymph survival, nymphal duration, adult body weight, and its survival. Brown planthopper fitness parameters were regressed as function of rice plant (Oryza sativa) biochemical composition. A completely randomized design with four replications in a factorial scheme was used considering N, P, and K levels as factors. Nitrogen application to the host rice plants provided greater survival and enhanced body weight of BPH. The nymphal duration was found to decrease with N subsidy that caused shorter generation time of BPH. Nitrogenous compounds N and soluble protein (SP), total free sugar (TFS), and silicon (Si) content in rice plant tissue correlated strongly with all fitness traits of BPH. Nitrogen, SP, and TFS associated positively with BPH survival and body weight, while negatively with nymphal duration. In contrast, Si had negative correlation with BPH survival and body weight, but positive with nymphal duration. Phosphorus supplementation to host plant contributed to increase BPH body weight. Relationships of P with all parameters of BPH were weak except body weight which was highly significant and positive. Interaction between N and P inputs demonstrated significant effect on BPH body weight. Application of K had no significant effect on BPH survival and development. Regression analysis did not detect significant relationship of BPH fitness parameters with plant tissue content of K. The results suggest that BPH ecological fitness characters were improved after N and P fertilization to rice plants which are associated with biochemical content of rice plant. Therefore, N and P inputs should be used judiciously in rice cultivation to keep BPH ecological fitness potential at minimum level.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application increased BPH survival.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Nitrogen applicatione0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen application to the host rice plants provided greater survival and enhanced body weight of BPH”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application increased BPH body weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen applicatione0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Outcome
- body weight of BPHe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen application to the host rice plants provided greater survival and enhanced body weight of BPH”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen subsidy decreased BPH nymphal duration and shortened generation time.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N subsidye0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Outcome
- nymphal duratione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- shorter generation time of BPHe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nymphal duration was found to decrease with N subsidy that caused shorter generation time of BPH”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice tissue nitrogen, soluble protein and free sugar correlated positively with BPH survival and body weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Compound
- Nitrogen, SP, and TFSe0
- Outcome
- BPH survival and body weighte0
- Direction
- positivelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen, SP, and TFS associated positively with BPH survival and body weight”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice tissue nitrogen, soluble protein and free sugar correlated negatively with BPH nymphal duration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Compound
- Nitrogen, SP, and TFSe0
- Outcome
- nymphal duratione0
- Direction
- negativelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen, SP, and TFS associated positively with BPH survival and body weight, while negatively with nymphal duration”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice silicon content correlated negatively with BPH survival and body weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Compound
- Sie0
- Outcome
- BPH survival and body weighte0
- Direction
- negativee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si had negative correlation with BPH survival and body weight, but positive with nymphal duration”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice silicon content correlated positively with BPH nymphal duration.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si had negative correlation with BPH survival and body weight, but positive with nymphal duration”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus supplementation increased BPH body weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Phosphorus supplementatione0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Outcome
- BPH body weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus supplementation to host plant contributed to increase BPH body weight”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant phosphorus was strongly and positively related to BPH body weight.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relationships of P with all parameters of BPH were weak except body weight which was highly significant and positive”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant phosphorus had weak relationships with the other BPH fitness parameters.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Compound
- Pe0
- Outcome
- all parameters of BPHe0
- Qualifier
- weak except body weighte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relationships of P with all parameters of BPH were weak except body weight which was highly significant and positive”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and phosphorus inputs interacted significantly for BPH body weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N and P inputse0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Outcome
- BPH body weighte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Interaction between N and P inputs demonstrated significant effect on BPH body weight”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium application had no significant effect on BPH survival and development.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Application of Ke0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Outcome
- BPH survival and developmente0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of K had no significant effect on BPH survival and development”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant tissue potassium was not significantly related to BPH fitness parameters.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Compound
- Ke0
- Outcome
- BPH fitness parameterse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regression analysis did not detect significant relationship of BPH fitness parameters with plant tissue content of K”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend judicious nitrogen and phosphorus inputs in rice cultivation to minimize BPH fitness.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Outcome
- N and P inputs should be used judiciouslye0
- Qualifier
- to keep BPH ecological fitness potential at minimum levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N and P inputs should be used judiciously in rice cultivation to keep BPH ecological fitness potential at minimum level”
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