Abstract
Bacillus species appearas the most attractive plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and alternative to synthetic chemical pesticides. The present study examined the antagonistic potential of spore forming-Bacilli isolated from organic farm soil samples of Allahabad, India. Eighty-seven Bacillus strains were isolated and characterized based on their morphological, plant growth promoting traits and molecular characteristics. The diversity analysis used 16S-rDNA, BOX-element, and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus. Two strains, PR30 and PR32, later identified as Bacillus sp., exhibited potent in vitro antagonistic activity against Ralstonia solanaceorum. These isolates produced copious amounts of multiple PGP traits, such as indole-3-acetic acid (40.0 and 54.5 μg/mL), phosphate solubilization index (PSI) (4.4 and 5.3), ammonia, siderophore (3 and 4 cm), and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (8.1and 9.2 μM/mg//h) and hydrogen cyanide. These isolates were subjected to the antibiotic sensitivity test. The two potent isolates based on the higher antagonistic and the best plant growth-promoting ability were selected for plant growth-promoting response studies in tomatoe, broccoli, and chickpea. In the pot study, Bacillus subtilis (PR30 and PR31) showed significant improvement in seed germination (27-34%), root length (20-50%), shoot length (20-40%), vigor index (50-75%), carotenoid content (0.543-1.733), and lycopene content (2.333-2.646 mg/100 g) in tomato, broccoli, and chickpea. The present study demonstrated the production of multiple plant growth-promoting traits by the isolates and their potential as effective bioinoculants for plant growth promotion and biocontrol of phytopathogens.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Two Bacillus strains, PR30 and PR32, showed potent in vitro antagonistic activity against Ralstonia solanaceorum.
Verbatim
t0“Bacillus Spp”
e0“Two strains, PR30 and PR32, later identified as Bacillus sp., exhibited potent in vitro antagonistic activity against Ralstonia solanaceorum”
Claim · model-written summary
The two Bacillus isolates produced indole-3-acetic acid with values 40.0 and 54.5 μg/mL.
Verbatim
t0“Bacillus Spp”
e0“indole-3-acetic acid (40.0 and 54.5 μg/mL)”
Claim · model-written summary
The two Bacillus isolates produced phosphate solubilization index (PSI) with values 4.4 and 5.3.
Verbatim
t0“Bacillus Spp”
e0“phosphate solubilization index (PSI) (4.4 and 5.3)”
Claim · model-written summary
The two Bacillus isolates produced siderophore with values 3 and 4 cm.
Verbatim
t0“Bacillus Spp”
e0“siderophore (3 and 4 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
The two Bacillus isolates produced 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase with values 8.1and 9.2 μM/mg//h.
Verbatim
t0“Bacillus Spp”
e0“1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (8.1and 9.2 μM/mg//h)”
Claim · model-written summary
The isolates also produced ammonia and hydrogen cyanide among multiple plant growth-promoting traits.
Verbatim
t0“Bacillus Spp”
e0“These isolates produced copious amounts of multiple PGP traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis significantly improved seed germination by 27-34% in tomato, broccoli and chickpea.
- Taxon
- tomato, broccoli, and chickpea
Cicer arietinum
Solanum lycopersicum
Brassica oleracea var. italicae1 - Treatment
- Bacillus subtilis (PR30 and PR31)e2
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilise2symbiont - Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 27-34%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus subtilis (PR30 and PR31) showed significant improvement in seed germination (27-34%)”
e1“tomato, broccoli, and chickpea”
e2“Bacillus subtilis (PR30 and PR31)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis increased root length by 20-50% in tomato, broccoli and chickpea.
- Taxon
- tomato, broccoli, and chickpeaCicer arietinumSolanum lycopersicumBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilis (PR30 and PR31)e2
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilise2symbiont
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 20-50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root length (20-50%)”
e1“tomato, broccoli, and chickpea”
e2“Bacillus subtilis (PR30 and PR31)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis increased shoot length by 20-40% in tomato, broccoli and chickpea.
- Taxon
- tomato, broccoli, and chickpeaCicer arietinumSolanum lycopersicumBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilis (PR30 and PR31)e2
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilise2symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 20-40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot length (20-40%)”
e1“tomato, broccoli, and chickpea”
e2“Bacillus subtilis (PR30 and PR31)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis increased vigor index by 50-75% in tomato, broccoli and chickpea.
- Taxon
- tomato, broccoli, and chickpeaCicer arietinumSolanum lycopersicumBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilis (PR30 and PR31)e2
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilise2symbiont
- Outcome
- vigor indexe0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 50-75%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vigor index (50-75%)”
e1“tomato, broccoli, and chickpea”
e2“Bacillus subtilis (PR30 and PR31)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis increased carotenoid content (0.543-1.733) in tomato, broccoli and chickpea.
- Taxon
- tomato, broccoli, and chickpeaCicer arietinumSolanum lycopersicumBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilis (PR30 and PR31)e2
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilise2symbiont
- Outcome
- carotenoid contente0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 0.543-1.733e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carotenoid content (0.543-1.733)”
e1“tomato, broccoli, and chickpea”
e2“Bacillus subtilis (PR30 and PR31)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis increased lycopene content (2.333-2.646 mg/100 g) in tomato, broccoli and chickpea.
- Taxon
- tomato, broccoli, and chickpeaCicer arietinumSolanum lycopersicumBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilis (PR30 and PR31)e2
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilise2symbiont
- Outcome
- lycopene contente0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 2.333-2.646 mg/100 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lycopene content (2.333-2.646 mg/100 g)”
e1“tomato, broccoli, and chickpea”
e2“Bacillus subtilis (PR30 and PR31)”
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Bacillus subtilis · quality: phytochemicals · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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3 papers in the same direction as this paper
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See all 6 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.