Abstract
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller) early blight caused by Alternaria solani is one of the most destructive diseases that reduce tomato production worldwide. The effect of organic manure, biofertilizer (N2-fixer’s bacteria) as Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum lipoferum and the bioagents Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis in controlling early blight of tomato cultivar 935 was evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions during the two successive growing seasons 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 at Abshway county, Fayoum governorate, Egypt. Adding biofertiizer and spraying tomato plants with bioagents or the fungicide Oxyplus (copper oxychloride) reduced the disease incidence and disease severity better than using the mineral fertilizer and spraying with bioagents or Oxyplus in both greenhouse and field experiments. T. harzianum + B. subtilis with biofertilizer significantly increased the activities of defense-related enzymes i.e., catalase, polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase and the total content of phenols under greenhouse conditions. As well as, this treatment increased plant height, number of branches, chlorophyll content, plants NPK content, number of fruits/ plant and total yield under the field conditions compared to chemical fertilizer.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Adding biofertilizer and spraying tomato plants with bioagents or the fungicide Oxyplus reduced early blight incidence and severity more than mineral fertilizer with bioagents or Oxyplus, in greenhouse and field.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- Adding biofertiizer and spraying tomato plants with bioagents or the fungicide Oxypluse0
- Interactor
- Alternaria solani
Alternaria solanie1pathogen - Outcome
- disease incidence and disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- the mineral fertilizer and spraying with bioagents or Oxypluse0
- Setting
- greenhouse and field experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Adding biofertiizer and spraying tomato plants with bioagents or the fungicide Oxyplus (copper oxychloride) reduced the disease incidence and disease severity better than using the mineral fertilizer and spraying with bioagents or Oxyplus in both greenhouse and field experiments”
e1“caused by Alternaria solani”
Claim · model-written summary
In the greenhouse, T. harzianum plus B. subtilis with biofertilizer significantly increased the activities of the defence-related enzymes catalase, polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase in tomato.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- T. harzianum + B. subtilis with biofertilizere0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Second interactor
- B. subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- activities of defense-related enzymes i.e., catalase, polyphenoloxidase, peroxidasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. harzianum + B. subtilis with biofertilizer significantly increased the activities of defense-related enzymes i.e., catalase, polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase”
e1“under greenhouse conditions”
e2“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
In the greenhouse, T. harzianum plus B. subtilis with biofertilizer significantly increased the total phenol content of tomato.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- T. harzianum + B. subtilis with biofertilizere0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- total content of phenolse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. harzianum + B. subtilis with biofertilizer significantly increased the activities of defense-related enzymes i.e., catalase, polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase and the total content of phenols”
e1“under greenhouse conditions”
e2“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, T. harzianum plus B. subtilis with biofertilizer increased tomato plant height, number of branches and chlorophyll content compared with chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- T. harzianum + B. subtilis with biofertilizere0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- plant height, number of branches, chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizere2
- Setting
- field conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. harzianum + B. subtilis with biofertilizer”
e1“increased plant height, number of branches, chlorophyll content”
e2“under the field conditions compared to chemical fertilizer”
e3“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, T. harzianum plus B. subtilis with biofertilizer increased tomato plant NPK content, number of fruits per plant and total yield compared with chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume4
- Treatment
- T. harzianum + B. subtilis with biofertilizere0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- plants NPK content, number of fruits/ plant and total yielde2
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizere3
- Setting
- field conditionse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. harzianum + B. subtilis with biofertilizer”
e1“increased plant height”
e2“plants NPK content, number of fruits/ plant and total yield”
e3“under the field conditions compared to chemical fertilizer”
e4“Tomato”
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See all 19 papers →8 of 15 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.