Abstract
Using diluted seawater for irrigation presents a potential solution to tackle water scarcity and optimize water usage in regions where there is a shortage of freshwater resources. Therefore, the objective of current study was to assess the efficacy of proline and zinc nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), either alone or in combination, in alleviating adverse impacts of diluted seawater irrigation [2.5% (EC, 1.6) and 5% (EC, 2,3)] on the growth and productivity of pea plants (cv. Master B) during the winter seasons of 2022/2023 and 2023/2024. The results indicated that irrigation with diluted seawater had negative effects on several growth parameters of peas, including plant height, leaf area, plant dry weight, chlorophyll pigment (Ch a, Ch b, and total Ch) content, and seed chemical composition. In contrast, foliar application of ZnO-NPs, proline, or their combination improved plant growth, productivity, oxidative enzyme activities, net photosynthesis, and phenolic compound content under salinity stress. Furthermore, these treatments positively influenced the content of essential nutrients (NPK), vitamin C, carbohydrate percentage, and crude protein in pea seeds. The combination of ZnO-NPs and proline yielded the highest values for most parameters during the experimental seasons. Overall, the interaction between ZnO-NPs and proline showed promise in enhancing pea plant growth and productivity, especially in environments characterized by salt stress.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Diluted seawater irrigation reduced pea height, leaf area, and dry weight.
- Taxon
- peas
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- irrigation with diluted seawatere0
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf area, plant dry weighte0
- Direction
- negative effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation with diluted seawater had negative effects on several growth parameters of peas, including plant height, leaf area, plant dry weight, chlorophyll pigment (Ch a, Ch b, and total Ch) content, and seed chemical composition.”
Claim · model-written summary
Diluted seawater irrigation reduced pea chlorophyll pigment content.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- irrigation with diluted seawatere0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll pigment (Ch a, Ch b, and total Ch) contente0
- Direction
- negative effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation with diluted seawater had negative effects on several growth parameters of peas, including plant height, leaf area, plant dry weight, chlorophyll pigment (Ch a, Ch b, and total Ch) content, and seed chemical composition.”
Claim · model-written summary
Diluted seawater irrigation adversely affected pea seed chemical composition.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- irrigation with diluted seawatere0
- Outcome
- seed chemical compositione0
- Direction
- negative effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation with diluted seawater had negative effects on several growth parameters of peas, including plant height, leaf area, plant dry weight, chlorophyll pigment (Ch a, Ch b, and total Ch) content, and seed chemical composition.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc nanoparticles improved pea growth and productivity under salinity stress.
- Taxon
- pea ( Pisum sativum L.)Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- foliar application of ZnO-NPse0
- Outcome
- plant growth, productivitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of ZnO-NPs, proline, or their combination improved plant growth, productivity, oxidative enzyme activities, net photosynthesis, and phenolic compound content under salinity stress.”
t0“pea ( Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc nanoparticles improved pea oxidative enzymes, photosynthesis, and phenolics under salinity stress.
- Taxon
- pea ( Pisum sativum L.)Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- foliar application of ZnO-NPse0
- Outcome
- oxidative enzyme activities, net photosynthesis, and phenolic compound contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of ZnO-NPs, proline, or their combination improved plant growth, productivity, oxidative enzyme activities, net photosynthesis, and phenolic compound content under salinity stress.”
t0“pea ( Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar proline improved pea growth and productivity under salinity stress.
- Taxon
- pea ( Pisum sativum L.)Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- prolinee0
- Outcome
- plant growth, productivitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of ZnO-NPs, proline, or their combination improved plant growth, productivity, oxidative enzyme activities, net photosynthesis, and phenolic compound content under salinity stress.”
t0“pea ( Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar proline improved pea oxidative enzymes, photosynthesis, and phenolics under salinity stress.
- Taxon
- pea ( Pisum sativum L.)Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- prolinee0
- Outcome
- oxidative enzyme activities, net photosynthesis, and phenolic compound contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of ZnO-NPs, proline, or their combination improved plant growth, productivity, oxidative enzyme activities, net photosynthesis, and phenolic compound content under salinity stress.”
t0“pea ( Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined zinc nanoparticles and proline improved pea growth and productivity under salinity stress.
- Taxon
- pea ( Pisum sativum L.)Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- their combinatione0
- Outcome
- plant growth, productivitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of ZnO-NPs, proline, or their combination improved plant growth, productivity, oxidative enzyme activities, net photosynthesis, and phenolic compound content under salinity stress.”
t0“pea ( Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined zinc nanoparticles and proline improved pea oxidative enzymes, photosynthesis, and phenolics.
- Taxon
- pea ( Pisum sativum L.)Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- their combinatione0
- Outcome
- oxidative enzyme activities, net photosynthesis, and phenolic compound contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of ZnO-NPs, proline, or their combination improved plant growth, productivity, oxidative enzyme activities, net photosynthesis, and phenolic compound content under salinity stress.”
t0“pea ( Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The foliar treatments increased NPK, vitamin C, carbohydrate, and protein in pea seeds.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Organ / stage
- pea seedse0
- Treatment
- these treatmentse0
- Outcome
- content of essential nutrients (NPK), vitamin C, carbohydrate percentage, and crude proteine0
- Direction
- positively influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these treatments positively influenced the content of essential nutrients (NPK), vitamin C, carbohydrate percentage, and crude protein in pea seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined zinc nanoparticles and proline produced the highest values for most measured parameters.
- Taxon
- pea ( Pisum sativum L.)Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- combination of ZnO-NPs and prolinee0
- Outcome
- values for most parameterse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- during the experimental seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of ZnO-NPs and proline yielded the highest values for most parameters during the experimental seasons.”
t0“pea ( Pisum sativum L.)”
The same questions in other papers
zinc oxide · yield · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
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irrigation · physiology: pigments · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
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8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.