Abstract
Technological and climatic factors significantly influence the expression of quality and quantity properties of spring wheat. This study aims to quantify the effects of weather conditions and fertilizer systems on spring wheat yield, quality (protein content), and physiological indicators (leaf vapor pressure deficit, evapotranspiration, surface temperature of the flag leaf) and to identify a suitable spring wheat genotype for the Transylvanian Plain. The experimental factors were: Y represents the year (Y1, 2019; Y2, 2020); F represents the fertilizer variant (F1, a single rate of fertilization: 36 kg ha−1 of nitrogen; F2, two rates of fertilization: 36 kg ha−1 of nitrogen + 72 kg ha−1 of nitrogen; F3, two rates of fertilization: 36 kg ha−1 of nitrogen + 105 kg ha−1 of nitrogen); and S represents the genotype (S1, Pădureni; S2, Granny; S3, Triso; S4, Taisa; S5, Ciprian; and S6, Lennox). This multifactorial experiment with three factors was conducted on Phaeozem soil. Regardless of weather conditions, fertilization with N100–110 at the head swollen sheath (stage 10, Feeks Growth Scale for Wheat) is deemed the most suitable variant because it yields an average grain yield of 5000 kg ha−1 of good quality (13.84% protein) with a considerable flag leaf area (29 cm2) where physiological processes can optimally support the well-being of the spring wheat plants. Beyond this level of fertilization, the average grain yield tends to plateau, but the protein content considerably increases by 13–23%, depending on the genotype. High yields were achieved in the Lennox and Triso genotypes.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
N100–110 fertilization gave average grain yield of 5000 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- spring wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- fertilization with N100–110e0
- Outcome
- average grain yielde0
- Value
- 5000 kg ha−1e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fertilization with N100–110 at the head swollen sheath (stage 10, Feeks Growth Scale for Wheat) is deemed the most suitable variant because it yields an average grain yield of 5000 kg ha−1 of good quality (13.84% protein) with a considerable flag leaf area (29 cm2)”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The same fertilization gave protein content of 13.84%.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fertilization with N100–110e0
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Value
- 13.84% proteine0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fertilization with N100–110 at the head swollen sheath (stage 10, Feeks Growth Scale for Wheat) is deemed the most suitable variant because it yields an average grain yield of 5000 kg ha−1 of good quality (13.84% protein) with a considerable flag leaf area (29 cm2)”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The same fertilization gave flag leaf area of 29 cm2.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fertilization with N100–110e0
- Outcome
- flag leaf areae0
- Value
- 29 cm2e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fertilization with N100–110 at the head swollen sheath (stage 10, Feeks Growth Scale for Wheat) is deemed the most suitable variant because it yields an average grain yield of 5000 kg ha−1 of good quality (13.84% protein) with a considerable flag leaf area (29 cm2)”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Beyond that fertilization level, grain yield tended to plateau.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- average grain yielde0
- Direction
- plateaue0
- Qualifier
- Beyond this level of fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Beyond this level of fertilization, the average grain yield tends to plateau”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Beyond that level, protein content increased 13–23% depending on genotype.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 13–23%e0
- Qualifier
- depending on the genotypee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the protein content considerably increases by 13–23%, depending on the genotype.”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Lennox produced high yields.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Lennoxe0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- Highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High yields were achieved in the Lennox and Triso genotypes.”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Triso produced high yields.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Trisoe0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- Highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High yields were achieved in the Lennox and Triso genotypes.”
t0“Spring Wheat”
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