Abstract
) in a closed environment offers applications in both indoor farming and in outer-space farming. Tailoring the photoperiod holds potential to shorten the growth cycle, thereby increasing the annual number of cycles. As wheat is a long-day plant, a night shorter than a critical length is required to induce flowering. In growth chambers, experiments were conducted to examine the impact of a 6 h light-dark cycle on the timing of wheat ear emergence, grain yield, and flour quality. Under equal daily light-integral conditions, the 6 h light-dark cycle promoted growth and development, resulting in accelerated ear emergence when compared to a 12 h cycle, additionally indicating that 12 h of darkness was excessive. To further stimulate heading and increase yield, the 6 h cycle was changed at the onset of stem elongation to a 14 h-10 h, mimicking spring conditions, and maintained until maturity. This successful transition was then combined with two levels of light intensity and nutrient solution, which did not significantly impact yield, while tillering and grain ripening did increase under higher light intensities. Moreover, it enabled manipulation of the baking quality, although lower-end falling numbers were observed. In conclusion, combining a 6 h light-dark cycle until stem elongation with a 14 h-10 h cycle presents a promising strategy for increasing future wheat production in closed environments. The observation of low falling numbers underscores the importance of factoring in flour quality when designing the wheat-growing systems of the future.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
A 6 h light-dark cycle accelerated wheat ear emergence compared with a 12 h cycle under equal daily light integral.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- 6 h light-dark cyclee0
- Outcome
- ear emergencee0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
- Comparator
- 12 h cyclee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under equal daily light-integral conditions, the 6 h light-dark cycle promoted growth and development, resulting in accelerated ear emergence when compared to a 12 h cycle”
e1“wheat ear emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher light intensity and nutrient solution levels did not significantly change wheat yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- two levels of light intensity and nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- did not significantly impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined with two levels of light intensity and nutrient solution, which did not significantly impact yield”
e1“wheat ear emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher light intensity increased wheat tillering and grain ripening.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- higher light intensitiese0
- Outcome
- tillering and grain ripeninge0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tillering and grain ripening did increase under higher light intensities”
e1“wheat ear emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
The lighting transition enabled manipulation of wheat baking quality.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- 6 h cyclee0
- Outcome
- baking qualitye0
- Direction
- manipulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To further stimulate heading and increase yield, the 6 h cycle was changed at the onset of stem elongation to a 14 h-10 h, mimicking spring conditions, and maintained until maturity. This successful transition was then combined with two levels of light intensity and nutrient solution, which did not significantly impact yield, while tillering and grain ripening did increase under higher light intensities. Moreover, it enabled manipulation of the baking quality”
e1“wheat ear emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower-end falling numbers were observed in wheat flour.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- falling numberse0
- Direction
- lower-ende0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower-end falling numbers were observed”
e1“wheat ear emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose a 6 h light-dark cycle until stem elongation followed by a 14 h-10 h cycle to increase wheat production in closed environments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- combining a 6 h light-dark cycle until stem elongation with a 14 h-10 h cyclee0
- Setting
- closed environmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combining a 6 h light-dark cycle until stem elongation with a 14 h-10 h cycle presents a promising strategy for increasing future wheat production in closed environments”
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