Abstract
Abstract. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the effect of biochar on the physico-chemical properties of the soil and morphometric and some chemical characteristics of durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) and indirectly assess the availability of macronutrients in the soil-biochar system based on the state of plants. Methods. Biochar was obtained from birch sawdust at a temperature of 500 °C and was applied in the amount of 2 % of the weight of air-dry soil. Results. As a result of the vegetation experiment, it was revealed that the application of biochar led to changes in the properties of heavy-loamy agro-soddy-podzolic soil – a significant increase in the pH values of the water extract and the total nitrogen content, but at the same time – to a significant decrease in the content of total organic carbon content. Despite the improvement of some soil characteristics, the application of biochar did not affect the height of plants, leaf weight, root weight, nitrogen and phosphorus content in leaves and yield, and also negatively affected the total weight of plants and the weight of grains, which decreased by 15 % and 18 %, respectively, compared to control. The application of biochar had an impact on the structure of the wheat root system – its branching increased, while the diameter of the absorbing roots significantly decreased. The experiment also showed an increase in mycorrhization of roots due to the functional structures of the fungus – arbuscules and vesicles. The scientific novelty lies that the application of biochar from birch sawdust, despite the improvement of some physico-chemical characteristics of the soil, negatively affects the growth of wheat. The reaction of the aboveground parts of plants and the root system indirectly indicates a decrease in the availability of nutrients in the soil-biochar system. The results obtained in the work can be used to develop technologies for the use of biochar meliorants in various soils.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased soil pH and total nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Triticum durum L.
Triticum turgidum subsp. durume1 - Treatment
- application of biochare0
- Outcome
- pH values of the water extract and the total nitrogen contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of biochar led to changes in the properties of heavy-loamy agro-soddy-podzolic soil – a significant increase in the pH values of the water extract and the total nitrogen content”
e1“Triticum durum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar reduced total organic carbon in soil.
- Taxon
- Triticum durum L.Triticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Treatment
- biochart0
- Outcome
- total organic carbon contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant decrease in the content of total organic carbon content”
e1“Triticum durum L.”
t0“biochar”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar did not affect wheat height, leaf and root weight, leaf nitrogen and phosphorus, or yield.
- Taxon
- Triticum durum L.Triticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Treatment
- biochart0
- Outcome
- height of plants, leaf weight, root weighte0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of biochar did not affect the height of plants, leaf weight, root weight, nitrogen and phosphorus content in leaves and yield”
e1“Triticum durum L.”
t0“biochar”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar reduced total plant weight by 15% versus control.
- Taxon
- Triticum durum L.Triticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Treatment
- biochart0
- Outcome
- total weight of plantse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 15 %e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total weight of plants and the weight of grains, which decreased by 15 % and 18 %, respectively, compared to control”
e1“Triticum durum L.”
t0“biochar”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar reduced grain weight by 18% versus control.
- Taxon
- Triticum durum L.Triticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Treatment
- biochart0
- Outcome
- weight of grainse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 18 %e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total weight of plants and the weight of grains, which decreased by 15 % and 18 %, respectively, compared to control”
e1“Triticum durum L.”
t0“biochar”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased wheat root branching.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- root systeme0
- Treatment
- biochart1
- Outcome
- branchinge0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of biochar had an impact on the structure of the wheat root system – its branching increased”
t0“wheat”
t1“biochar”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar significantly reduced absorbing-root diameter.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- biochart1
- Outcome
- diameter of the absorbing rootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diameter of the absorbing roots significantly decreased”
t0“wheat”
t1“biochar”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased wheat root mycorrhization.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- biochart1
- Interactor
- funguse0symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhization of rootse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase in mycorrhization of roots due to the functional structures of the fungus – arbuscules and vesicles”
t0“wheat”
t1“biochar”
Claim · model-written summary
The plant response indirectly suggests lower nutrient availability in the soil–biochar system.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- availability of nutrientse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- indirectlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reaction of the aboveground parts of plants and the root system indirectly indicates a decrease in the availability of nutrients in the soil-biochar system”
t0“wheat”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.