Abstract
The systemic electrical signal propagation in plants (i.e., from leaf to leaf) is dependent on GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE proteins (GLRs). The GLR receptors are the homologous proteins to the animal ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) which are ligand-gated non-selective cation channels that mediate neurotransmission in the animal’s nervous system. In this study, we investigated the effect of the general anaesthetic ketamine, a well-known non-competitive channel blocker of human iGluRs, on systemic electrical signal propagation in Arabidopsis thaliana. We monitored the electrical signal propagation, intracellular calcium level [Ca2+]cyt and expression of jasmonate (JA)-responsive genes in response to heat wounding. Although ketamine affected the shape and the parameters of the electrical signals (amplitude and half-time, t1/2) mainly in systemic leaves, it was not able to block a systemic response. Increased [Ca2+]cyt and the expression of jasmonate-responsive genes were detected in local as well as in systemic leaves in response to heat wounding in ketamine-treated plants. This is in contrast with the effect of the volatile general anaesthetic diethyl ether which completely blocked the systemic response. This low potency of ketamine in plants is probably caused by the fact that the critical amino acid residues needed for ketamine binding in human iGluRs are not conserved in plants’ GLRs.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Ketamine changed the shape, amplitude and half-time of electrical signals mainly in systemic leaves.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Organ / stage
- systemic leavese0
- Treatment
- ketaminee0
- Outcome
- shape and the parameters of the electrical signals (amplitude and half-time, t1/2)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ketamine affected the shape and the parameters of the electrical signals (amplitude and half-time, t1/2) mainly in systemic leaves”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Ketamine did not block the systemic response.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- ketaminet0
- Outcome
- systemic responsee0
- Direction
- not able to blocke0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was not able to block a systemic response”
t0“Ketamine on Electrical and Ca2+ Signal Propagation in Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat wounding increased cytosolic calcium in local and systemic leaves of ketamine-treated plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- local as well as in systemic leavese0
- Treatment
- heat woundinge0
- Outcome
- [Ca2+]cyte0
- Direction
- Increasede0
- Qualifier
- ketamine-treated plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased [Ca2+]cyt and the expression of jasmonate-responsive genes were detected in local as well as in systemic leaves in response to heat wounding in ketamine-treated plants.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat wounding increased jasmonate-responsive gene expression in local and systemic leaves of ketamine-treated plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- local as well as in systemic leavese0
- Treatment
- heat woundinge0
- Gene
- jasmonate-responsive genese0
- Outcome
- expression of jasmonate-responsive genese0
- Direction
- Increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased [Ca2+]cyt and the expression of jasmonate-responsive genes were detected in local as well as in systemic leaves in response to heat wounding in ketamine-treated plants.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Diethyl ether completely blocked the systemic response.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- diethyl ethere0
- Outcome
- systemic responsee0
- Direction
- completely blockede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the volatile general anaesthetic diethyl ether which completely blocked the systemic response.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest ketamine has low potency because binding residues in human iGluRs are not conserved in plant GLRs.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- GLRse0
- Outcome
- low potency of ketamine in plantse0
- Qualifier
- critical amino acid residues needed for ketamine binding in human iGluRs are not conserved in plants’ GLRse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This low potency of ketamine in plants is probably caused by the fact that the critical amino acid residues needed for ketamine binding in human iGluRs are not conserved in plants’ GLRs.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.